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CHAPTER 7 TEST ESSAYS

CHAPTER 7 TEST ESSAYS. #1 What is chromatography?. Separation of pigments In a solvent according to their densities For plant pigments, we use acetone/ethanol solution Set-up: taper chromatography paper, mark starting point, and put just the tip in the solvent. #1 Chromatography.

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CHAPTER 7 TEST ESSAYS

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  1. CHAPTER 7 TEST ESSAYS

  2. #1 What is chromatography? • Separation of pigments In a solvent according to their densities • For plant pigments, we use acetone/ethanol solution • Set-up: taper chromatography paper, mark starting point, and put just the tip in the solvent

  3. #1 Chromatography Different months will show different chromatography strips of pigments:SEPT. –mostly chlorophyll LATE OCT.- chlorophyll is gone

  4. Pigments in Leaves • carotene-yellow orange • chlorophyll a-bright green • Xanthophylls-yellow • chlorophyll b-khaki green

  5. Chlorophyll breaks down and exposes the other colors that were there all along, but were masked by the green chlorophyll. As fall comes there are shorter days of sunlight Less photosynthesis means less food for plants. Why do leaves change color?

  6. #2 Greenhouse Effect • = the capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere to trap heat emitted from the Earth’s surface, thereby insulating and warming the Earth. • The Greenhouse Effect (nice little link)

  7. Man-made Greenhouse UV radiation can enter the glass Glass traps infrared radiation and it heats up Earth’s Greenhouse UV radiation can enter through clouds Infrared radiation get trapped and heats up the earth #2

  8. Clouds trap the infrared rays If no clouds, the infrared rays go into space.

  9. Man-Made Greenhouse UV rays can enter Infrared rays get trapped inside the greenhouse and warm it

  10. Greenhouse Gases • Gases that absorb heat: • carbon dioxide • Water vapor • Methane • And cause global warming

  11. #3 • Global Warming, increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere, oceans, and landmasses of Earth.

  12. Problems with Global Warming • Melt polar ice caps and glaciers as well as warm the oceans, • Flooding some coastal regions and even entire islands. • Some regions in warmer climates will receive more rainfall than before, but soils will dry out faster between storms.

  13. More Problems with Global Warming • This soil desiccation may damage food crops, disrupting food supplies in some parts of the world. • Plant and animal species will shift their ranges toward the poles or to higher elevations seeking cooler temperatures, and species that cannot do so may become extinct.

  14. More Problems • Spreading disease • Earlier spring arrival • Plant and animal range shifts and population changes • Coral reef bleaching • Downpours, heavy snowfalls, and flooding • Droughts and fires

  15. Why Global Warming Could be Good • Increased photosynthesis for agriculture and forests on a short term basis (some gardeners pump CO2 in their greenhouses) • Some cold climates (like Canada) could have a longer growing season if warmer

  16. Causes of Global Warming • Carbon Dioxide from factories, cars(burning of fossil fuels) • Nitrous oxides from airplanes’ emissions

  17. USA: Global Warming Hog

  18. #4 • Formula: Ozone (O3) • GOOD FOR: ozone in the upper atmosphere protects living organisms by preventing damaging ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface • O2 - two oxygen atoms - ordinary common or garden oxygen • O3 - three oxygen atoms - Ozone

  19. Ozone hole over Antarctica

  20. Ozone is thinnest over Antarctica

  21. What are CFC’s? • The compounds that contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine are called Chlorofluorocarbons, usually abbreviated as CFCs. • Banned (by Montreal Protocol) but were usually in aerosols like spray deodorants and making of Styrofoam

  22. Why are CFC’s bad? • Chlorinebonds with the oxygen and breaks down O3 to just O2 (non-protective layer) • So, the earth would be left without the ozone to protect it from harmful radiation

  23. Negative effects of ozone depletion • Increased skin cancer and illness due to damaging the immune system • Too much UV radiation harming aquatic young • Especially harms phytoplankton (microscopic plants) in the oceans which feed a lot of other organisms • The Ozone Hole-Ozone Hole Consequences (nice link)

  24. Nice Links • EEK! - Hole in the Ozone Layer? • Antarctic Ozone Hole

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