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Perception of Organized Crime, Sexual Assaults, and Rapes in Local Communities in Slovenia

This presentation explores the statistics and perception of organized crime, prostitution, sexual assaults, and rapes in Slovenia. It discusses the challenges in measuring organized crime and analyzes police statistics and respondents' perception of violence and prostitution. Presented at the International Student Conference on Safety in Local Communities - Legal and Criminological Perspectives in Podgorica, April 4, 2018.

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Perception of Organized Crime, Sexual Assaults, and Rapes in Local Communities in Slovenia

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  1. PERCEPTION OF ORGANIZED CRIME, SEXUAL ASSAULTS AND RAPES IN LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN SLOVENIA Authors: Damjan Fujs Miha ZEMLJIČ II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  2. Introduction • Goals of the presentation. • Mainly statistics of organized crime, prostitution, sexual assaults and rapes in Slovenia. • Annual police reports and some issues concerning measurement of organized crime. • Research from the year of 2011 and 2017 about perception of local residents in Slovenia of organized crime, prostitution, sexual assaults and rapes. II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  3. Organized crime in Slovenia One of the basic definitions of organized crime defines organized crime as a group of people profiting from criminal activity that is carefully planed (Meško and Dobovšek, 2007). It is hard to measure organized crime because of the wide range of shapes of criminality and secret activity of criminal groups (Meško and Dobovšek, 2007). Some of the main characteristics of organized crime are major damage in economy, secret operations of criminal groups, neutralization of criminal prosecution and so on (Meško and Dobovšek, 2007). Why is measuring of organized crime so problematic? • Different definitions in the world. • Differences in the judicial systems. • Different types of methods in data and statistic collections of organized crime. • The influence of other social and political factors (politics, media and others) II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  4. Organized crime in Slovenia Criminal investigators in Slovenia are using the instructions of Europol regarding the definition of organized crime and its criminal offences and are using the criminal-law definitions of criminal offences (Meško and Dobovšek, 2007). The scale and type of organized crime is determined by the quantity and quality analysis of the data. Criminal investigators define criminal offences as organized crime if they concern frauds, concealments, smuggling, corruption and money laundering, and some other violent offences (murders, extortions), illegal trading of weapons, trafficking and smuggling human beings and trading with illegal drugs (Meško and Dobovšek, 2007). II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  5. Police statistics Criminal offences that are statistically shown in previous years but the investigations continued in the year of 2011. Source: Annual reports of Slovenian police 2011/2016 Criminal offences that are statistically shown in previous years but the investigations continued in the year of 2016. Source: Annual reports of Slovenian police 2011/2016 II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  6. Police statistics Criminal offences with no judicial base for prosecution Types of crime Source: Annual reports of Slovenian police 2011/2016 Source: Annual reports of Slovenian police 2011/2016 Number of charged individuals Source: Annual reports of Slovenian police 2011/2016 II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  7. Organized crime Source: Annual reports of Slovenian police 2010/2011, 2015/2016 II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  8. Perception of respondents of violence on the street in Slovenia II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  9. Perception of respondents of organized crime in Slovenia II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  10. PROSTITUTION „The world‘s oldest profession“ and „Victimless Crime“ • - decriminalised in 2003 • - under constraint, pimping, exploitation • - „moved from the street to the internet.“ • The causes of prostitution: • Violent family backgrounds (no love) • Recklessness („why not?“) • Financial problems • Bad company • Drugs – drug abuse • Poverty and economic distress • Alcoholism • Juvenile Delinquency Source: Annual reports of Slovenian police 2016 II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  11. Perception of respondents of prostitution in Slovenia II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  12. Sex related offences (Criminal code of the Republic of Slovenia) II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  13. Perception of respondents of sexual assaults and rapes in Slovenia II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  14. Pajnik, M., & Kavčič, U. (2006). The demand side of sex: perspectives on trafficking and prostitution: the case of Slovenia. Mirovniinštitut. II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  15. Pajnik, M., & Kavčič, U. (2006). The demand side of sex: perspectives on trafficking and prostitution: the case of Slovenia. Mirovniinštitut. II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  16. PROBLEMS? • STATISTICS • - Dark field • PROSTITUTION • Taxes • Ignorance/acceptance • Health • Risk of infection • Morality • Profits from prostitution feed organized crime • SEXUAL ASSAULTS/ RAPE • Trauma • Children • Courts II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  17. Example of „legalised“ prostitution in Slovenia: https://www.sloescort.com II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  18. A movie called Slovenka (Slovenian girl), which talks about a Slovenian girl, who studies in Ljubljana (the capital), while in secret working as a prostitute. II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  19. NGO Cooperating and notifying each other on signs or suspicions of trafficking in human beings. The Office of the State Prosecutor General of the Republic of Slovenia  II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

  20. II. International student conference „Safety in local communities-legal and criminological perspectives“’, Podgorica., 4 April 2018

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