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Rebecca Kraft Center for a Livable Future Research Day April 8, 2008 Advisor: Dr. A. Hope Jahren

Stable Carbon Isotope Signatures in Human Blood from 200 Individuals: A Potential Biochemical Assay for the Consumption of High Fructose Corn Syrup. Rebecca Kraft Center for a Livable Future Research Day April 8, 2008 Advisor: Dr. A. Hope Jahren.

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Rebecca Kraft Center for a Livable Future Research Day April 8, 2008 Advisor: Dr. A. Hope Jahren

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  1. Stable Carbon Isotope Signatures in Human Blood from 200 Individuals: A Potential Biochemical Assay for the Consumption of High Fructose Corn Syrup Rebecca Kraft Center for a Livable Future Research Day April 8, 2008 Advisor: Dr. A. Hope Jahren

  2. Obesity as a sustainability issue in health 1988 1992 1996 1998 2000 1994 1990 2002 1986 2004 • Cause of death % • Heart disease 27 • Cancer 24 • Accidents 6 • Stroke 5 • Respiratory 5 • Diabetes 3 • Pneumonia 2 • Suicide 2 • Kidney disease 2 • Alzheimer’s 2 Health consequences Type 2 Diabetes Hypertension Dyslipidemia Coronary heart disease Stroke Gallbladder disease Sleep apnea Endometrial cancer Breast cancer Colon cancer … • Since the 1976 prevalence of obesity among adults in the United States has increased from under 15% to 33% (2004) (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)

  3. Dietary change and obesity overweight obese HFCS

  4. How do we study diet-related disease? • Barriers to understanding food consumption and diet-related disease: • Questionnaires are not reliable • Meal components are not always known • People are forgetful • People lie

  5. Exploring health from the perspective of an earth scientist Carbon cycle diagram taken from http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/CarbonCycle/carbon_cycle4.htmHuman anatomy diagram taken from http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif

  6. Stable isotopes = ‰

  7. Sample collection 200 individuals analyzed (100 males, 100 females) Blood collected without additives Serum and clot separated by centrifugation 0.05 to 0.35 mg of serum and clot transferred into high-purity tin capsules Samples analyzed in triplicate Analytical uncertainty: 0.01‰

  8. Carbon stable isotopes in blood Female Serum Mean: -18.8 Min: -22.9 Max: -15.6 Range: 7.2 Male Serum Mean: -18.7 Min: -20.9 Max: -16.1 Range: 4.8 Female Clot Mean: -19.1 Min: -23 Max: -16.1 Range: 6.9 Male Clot Mean: -18.8 Min: -21 Max: -16.8 Range: 4.2 Total population serum Mean: -18.8 Min: -22.9 Max: -15.6 Range: 7.2 Total population clot Mean: -18.9 Min: -23 Max: -16.1 Range: 6.9 13CVPBD (‰)

  9. What is the relationship between clot and serum?

  10. Blood carbon signatures in context

  11. The next steps In progress • Feeding study in partnership with the USDA • Several studies correlating survey data consumption with blood stable isotope data The future • Blood archive study examining blood isotopic composition in relation to obesity and diabetes • Isotopic composition of other blood components

  12. Project collaborators and funding Funding Center for a Livable Future Innovation Grant Collaboration: This project and our continuation of research is made possible by the cooperation of a diverse group of researchers spanning JHU, JHSPH, JHMI, and the USDA

  13. Is there a relationship between carbon and nitrogen? Female serum Male serum Female clot Male clot • No significant correlation between carbon and nitrogen in clot or serum • May be possible to see a correlation among smaller populations grouped by consumption

  14. Animal or vegetable?

  15. Geochemical tool applied to health C4 photosynthesis -10 to -14‰

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