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Child Labor and Child Protection Systems

Child Labor and Child Protection Systems. Experience sharing - Gopal Tamang. Legislations, Policies and Plans. Government of Nepal commitments- ratification of CRC on 14 Sept. 1990; 2 Optional Protocols of the CRC in 2006 and in 2007. Children's Act, 2048 (1992)

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Child Labor and Child Protection Systems

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  1. Child Labor and Child Protection Systems Experience sharing - GopalTamang

  2. Legislations, Policies and Plans • Government of Nepal commitments- ratification of CRC on 14 Sept. 1990; 2 Optional Protocols of the CRC in 2006 and in 2007. • Children's Act, 2048 (1992) • Labor Regulation, 2050 (1994) • Children Regulations, 2051 (1994) • Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulations) Act, 2056(2000) • Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act, 2064 (2007) • National Labor Policy, 1999 • Juvenile Justice Procedures, 2063(2007)

  3. Child Labor status 127,000 worst forms of child labor in 7 sectors (2000) 12,000 Nepali children under the age of 18 were trafficked annually to India alone Estimated 2.2 million Nepalese (90 percent of whom were male) resided outside of the country (2008) 13,000 girls found working in cabin and dance restaurants in Kathmandu - (Tdh. 2009) 1.6 million child labor-20%- 621,000 in hazardous work (ILO 2010) 27,00,00 (22,00.000) in foreign employment (278,025 first 6 months in 2069) … ensure conscious, competent and productive citizens and human resources acceptable to the demand of the national and international market (TYIP) Rapid Assessment in 6 sectors: Domestics, Porter, Mining, Brick, Transport, Small Tea & Restaurants, WE, 2012

  4. Contd… • Bonded Labor Prohibition Act, 2001 (Prevention and Rehabilitation) Bill 2069-revision process • National Master Plan (2004-2014) on child labor-updated for (2011- 2020) • National Children Policy 2069 (protect children from all forms of violence and exploitation) • National Plan of Action for Children, (NPA, 2004/05-2014/15), updated- 4 core areas in CRs: health, Education, Protection & HIV/AIDS • NPC, Three Years Interim Plan (2007-10& 2010-13)

  5. Contd. … • National Steering Committee on child labor headed by secretary of MoWCSW • Anti-trafficking InterAgencyCoordinating Group (IACG), InterAgency Working Group (IAWG)-Child Protection and strengthening CCWB • Provisions of education programs/services: scholarships, free of basic education, SSRP, EFA, MDG

  6. Worst Forms of Child Labor Domestic labour (Bonded labor/ Kamlahris) Portering Agriculture-bonded work Recycling Carpet industry Brick production Mining Commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) Children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG Transport Embroidery - jari work Mechanical – motorbike Hawking Herb collection - “yarsagumba

  7. Definition of Child Labor ILO, C 182: WFCL • No child shall be engaged in any Establishment that denies his/her right to education. • No child shall be offered, procured (slavery or similar practices, trafficked or used for: • bonded or forced labour; (b) prostitution, production of pornography or for pornographic performance; (c) illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties; (d) work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out is harmful to their life, health, safety, education or morals ILO, C 138: Minimum Age of Work • Non-hazardous work (14-16), Hazardous work (16 yrs uncertain strict conditions and Unconditional WFCL

  8. Factors Due to deficiencies in education, including vocational technical education Due to direct or indirect consequences of poverty Due to the absence of adequate child protection mechanisms and due to prevailing and often persistent cultural attitudes and Various other inter-linked “push” and “pull” factors.

  9. Improving Support Mechanisms (Strategic support) • Education Support - Transition to Formal Schools from NFE • Advocacy & Linkages - District Microfinance Networks and other Poverty Alleviation Programs to expand coverage of their programs prioritizing child labor-affected families, link families to MFI • Awareness Raising - vital registration processes – birth, death, marriage, hotline promotion (1098), Child Labor Day • Networks & Campaigns Support PTAs, SMCs and CPC networks, Welcome to School Campaigns • Life Skills & Vocational Skills Development- integrating pre-vocational education in schools and skills training • Strengthening child protection systems(DCWBs)

  10. Age and the conditions of work

  11. PROJECT BENEFICIARIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS(WE, 2009-13)

  12. Achievements …. 20,033 children provided with services • 10,202 WFCL and 9,831 CAR • 68% girls and 32% boys • 13,314 (66%) under 14 and 34% 14 years and above • 14,983 children (69% girls) received Non-formal Education services through Modular and GATE curriculum • 6,196 children received support to go to school • 2,393 children received other services psychosocial support/ counseling, health services and Legal Aid • 1,714 children above 14 years received Vocational Skills Training and Self- Employment Education for • 2,628** families of child beneficiaries have received Family Livelihood Support • 6,360children in pre-vocational skills acquisition

  13. Key Direct Interventions Domestic workers in school Program Approach/Model Formal School • Family Livelihoods • SEEP NFE Other linkages • Integrating Pre-Vocational • Education in FS • Mobilization of MFIs & Poverty Alleviation programs • CPC/Child clubs networks • Alternative ORC • Open learning • Coaching • Career counseling • Apprenticeship • Skill training

  14. Strengthen Child Protection Mechanisms Policies and Programs: • Inclusion of child labor issues and action programs: • 3 Years Strategic Plans developed by DCWBs • DDC periodic/annual plans include child labor issues • VDC plans (funds for CPCs and Child Clubs) • Microfinance institutions, poverty alleviation programs • Strengthening of Child Protection Systems (MoWCSW/ CCWB / DCWBs) thru Inter-Agency Working Group • Pilot programs – pre-vocational education , Child friendly school initiatives, School as Zone of Peace • Safer Schools with community participation • No Child Labor districts • Collaboration with other organizations

  15. Impact on Beneficiary Level • Using gained practical skills (self-employment, agriculture, etc) ensure food security for longer periods • Linking beneficiaries to on-going support (government scholarship schemes & literacy programs) • Linked families to credit (local Savings & Credit Groups and Cooperatives) • Changes in Attitude and Behavior(children should be in school not at work) • Children re-integrated with families with improved livelihood(selling momos, eyewear, vegetables, etc)

  16. Impact on Stakeholder Level • Increased corporate social responsibility of employers (Brick Kiln Associations “Child Labor Free” OR “Clean Bricks”) • Trained and mobilized Child Protection Committees , Child Clubs to seek local funds and resources for enabling school support and to reduce school dropouts • Child Rights Officers recruited in all 75 districts (DCWBs) trained about child protection systems including Women Development Officers and Child Welfare Officers(IAWG/DPs and CCWB) • Incorporated child labor issues and plans in annual and periodic plan by DDCs and municipalities (5 year Strategic Plan (2011-16) by Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan, 3 year Strategic Plans by DCWBs) • Linkages/collaboration with other poverty alleviation programs (PAF, LGCDP, CFLG, MFIs networks)

  17. Basic Needs and Child Rights

  18. Protection of children from what ? Physical Sexual Verbal/Emotional Dangerous work conditions Illegal activity Not enough pay Out of school No recreation Physical Nutritional Medical Educational Emotional JJ: Unfairness Lack of rehabilitation Victim issues Protection from all forms of harm/violence

  19. Child Protection Strategic FrameworkSystem approach Legislation, policies, regulations, plans, budget, data, coordination – national and local level Education services SERVICES/ SYSTEMS FOR PREVENTION & RESPONSE JUSTICE & SECURITY SYSTEM Health services SOCIAL ECONOMICCULTURAL POLITICAL CONTEXTS Economic services CHILD’S IMMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT Labour Attitudes, practices, behaviour

  20. What is a Child Protection System? “A set of laws, policies, regulations and services, needed across all social sectors – especially social welfare, security and justice, education and health – to support prevention and response to protection-related risks”, including formal (government) and informal (civil society) sectors. æ;a} ;fdflhs If]qdfsfg'g, gLlt, lgodfjnL / ;]jfx?sf] cfjZostf kg]{–ljz]ifu/L ;fdflhs sNof0f, ;'/Iff / Gofo, lzIff / :jf:Yo h:tf ;+/If0f;+u ;DalGwthf]lvdx?af6 /f]syfdsfnflu d2t k'˗\ofpg]Æ, cf}krfl/s tyfcgf}krfl/s If]q ;d]t

  21. Expected Objectives and expectations • Poverty alleviation programs • Education and health • Water, Heath and sanitation (WASH) • Sustainable microfinances and livelihoods • Sustainable agriculture and natural management • Cross-cutting issues

  22. Thank you for your participation???

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