WarmUp : Review

1. WarmUp: Review • Open your books to Chapter 3, Section 3 & identify the 6factors of social change discussed in that section. • In your journals, copy &summarize each of those factors.

2. Chapter 18.1 Social Change &Modernization

3. Objectives • Summarize the theories that social scientists have offered to explain the process of social change. • Explain how theories of social change have evolved.

4. Social Change • alterations in various aspects of society over time

5. Spengler &Sorokin Cyclical theory

6. Cyclical Theory of Social Change • views change from a historical perspective • assumes natural stages of development • likely to gain popularity during periods of upheaval

7. Oswald Spengler • German historian • deeply troubled by WWI • wrote Decline of the West • asserted that West was well into decline in the 1900s &collapse was inevitable

8. Pitirim Sorokin • Russian-American sociologist • presented 2 extreme forms of culture • ideational culture: truth &knowledge sought through faith &religion • sensate culture: people seek knowledge through science

9. Early &Modern Evolutionary theory

10. Evolutionary Theory of Social Change • views change as a process that moves in one direction – toward increasing complexity

11. Early Evolutionary Theories • 1800s: believed that all societies progress through the same distinct stages of social development • stages should improve over time • justified political &social conditions in Europe & U.S.

12. Modern Evolutionary Theories • said that societies have a “tendency” to become more complex over time • attempts to see why societies change

13. Equilibrium theory

14. Equilibrium Theory of Social Change • built on functionalist idea that society resembles a living organism • occurs as society adapts to maintain stability after a change in one area; involves differentiation &integration

15. Marx & Class Conflict, Dahrendorf & Social Conflict Conflict theory

16. Conflict Theory of Social Change • change results from conflicts between groups with opposing interests

17. Karl Marx &Class Conflict • all human history is history of class conflict • most interested in how this occurs in industrial societies

18. Ralf Dahrendorf&Social Conflict • holds that social conflict can take many forms • racial, ethnic, political, religious, labor, gender, age, etc.

19. Social Change Through Technology: Social Media &Climate Change • Participation culture, creativity &social change • Do you agree with Gauntlett’s assertion that we need to become more of a “making-and-doing culture” as opposed to a “sit-back-and-be-told culture?” Why or why not? • How do you think technology & social media will influence social movements of the future? • Do you think that people will be happier &more productive if they are engaged in the process of creating? Why or why not? • What role will social media play in helping us transition into a society that has to adapt to new environmental challenges? What challenges might we be facing?

20. CHAPTER 18: CLASSWORK • Page 470: #3-4 • Page 479: #2-3 • Page 480: #1-10 Identifying People & Ideas • Page 480: #1-6 Understanding Main Ideas • Page 481: #1-4 Building Social Studies Skills