How have industrialization and colonization led to the diffusion of European culture around the world?

1. How have industrialization and colonization led to the diffusion of European culture around the world?

2. Industrialization – moving from an agricultural based economy to an industrial economy; growth of industry Diffusion – spreading of ideas

4. Colonization – the occupation and control of one nation by another; forming a colony or colonies

5. Impact of Industrialization • European nations became very powerful • Wide-range economic changes and inventions • Steam Engine • Locomotive (steam train) • Spinning Jenny • Helped initiate expansion into other parts of the world – colonization

6. Industries required more labor • Europe marketed its products around the world – wanted to make higher profits

7. Impact of Colonization on Cultures • Each country left its culture on the colonies they ruled • Spread Christianity, mainly Catholic religion • Spread their Language • US language is English • Quebec, Canada language is French • Brazil language is Portuguese • Mexico, South America, and Central America language is Spanish

8. Food was shared between countries / colonies • Music • Literature • Industry • Art • Emigration of Europeans to other parts of the world

9. How has the creation of the European Union changed Europe economically, socially, and politically?

10. An economic and political partnership between 27 European countries Formed in 1951 and 1958

11. EU Facts • Based on the rule of law – everything it does is based on treaties, voluntarily agreed by all member countries • Began as an economic union • Has delivered a half century of peace, stability, and prosperity, and helped raised living standards • Euro common currency

12. Goal is to promote human rights both internally and around the world. Core Values: human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, and respect for human rights

13. EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights – brings all rights together in a single document • Each EU country is legally bound to uphold • these rights

14. Single Market – EU’s main economic engine, allowing most goods, services, money and people to move freely between countries • Has made the EU a major trading power • Investing in transportation, energy, and research • Seeking to minimize the environmental impact of further economic development

15. Institutions of the European Union: • European Commission • Council of the European Union • European Council • Court of Justice of the European Union • European Central Bank • European Parliament (representatives elected every 5 years by EU citizens) • European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office –provides assistance to developing countries

16. European Union identification card and passport

17. Impact of the European Union on Member Countries • Helped move countries from economies based on agriculture to hi-tech industry and global exports • European Central Bank was established • Citizens from member countries can attend universities and other training programs throughout Europe at no additional cost • 90% of European universities take part in this program

18. Cheaper and easier to travel between countries • Provides funds to help assist with environmental projects • Clean up lakes and rivers • EU standards for waste management and drinking water • Battery recycling • Nature conservation • Electrical waste

19. Common Foreign and Security Policy: Developed a role in external relations and defense Permanent diplomatic missions have been established around the world

20. The perceived benefits of becoming a member of the EU act as an incentive for both political and economic reform in countries wishing to join the EU – mainly former communist countries To join the EU a country must meet certain criteria: • Stable democracy • Functioning market economy • Acceptance of EU law

21. Every person has the right to live, work, study or retire in another EU country. The single market has made it affordable and safe.

22. Croatia will become the 28th member of the EU on July 1, 2013

23. How did Communism influence the development of economic, social, and political systems of Eastern and Western Europe?

24. Communism: • Form of government where the government controls everything • Very little freedom for the people

25. Background Information • Soviet Union want revenge on Germany – they wanted to destroy Germany after WWII • Britain and the US wanted to establish trade with Germany and the countries in Eastern Europe • Eastern Europe did not have stabilized governments • Several Eastern European countries were in extreme financial hardship

26. Soviet Union wanted to create more communist countries on its western border so it would never be vulnerable to attack again • Communism was seen better than being under Nazi occupation by Eastern European countries • Poverty left an open door for communist supporters

27. By 1949 Eastern Europe became communist called the “Iron Curtain” Eastern Europe became politically and ideologically different than Western Europe The result was the “Cold War” between America and the USSR

28. Benefits of Communism in Eastern Europe • Helped stabilize the governments • Controlled the people’s anger / hatred towards one another • Ethnic tensions • Different religions

29. What were the problems with communism in Eastern Europe? • Corruption and mismanagement of food supplies, products, and money • Command Economy forced on European countries brought oppression and hardship to the people • Did not meets the basic needs of its people • Civilians were imprisoned or executed

30. Few incentives for good workers • Many Eastern European countries began to revolt against Communism • Focused on heavy industry – caused pollution

31. How did Western Europe React to Communism? • Western European nations became more unified • NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization – formed to stop the threat of Communism • European Coal and Steel Company (ECSC) – coordinate the production and trading of coal and steel within Europe • European Economic Community (ECC) – eliminate national tariffs and other barriers to international trade

32. European Free Trade Association (EFTA) • European Community (EC) • Economic Recovery Program (ERP known as the “Marshall Plan”) – plan to help with economic reconstruction and provide food to people after WWII. The plan had 2 major goals: • Prevent the spread of communism in Western Europe • Stabilize the political democracy and free-market economies of Western Europe

33. The End of Communism • Soviet Union fell apart in 1991 • Many companies in Eastern Europe who were under a command economy began to see the advantages of a free market economy • Once free of Soviet rule, Eastern European countries were able to create their own economic systems

34. Berlin Wall

35. How has Europe’s physical geography affected its development?

36. Where are Europe’s Major Cities Located? • On the coasts • Along rivers • In the cooler air of the highlands

37. Europe’s Major Cities Located on Bodies of Water • Mediterranean Sea • Barcelona, Spain • Naples, Italy • Nice, France • Aegean Sea • Athens, Greece • Atlantic Ocean • Lisbon, Portugal

38. Adriatic Sea • Venice, Italy • Dubrovnik, Croatia • North Sea • Oslo, Norway • Amsterdam, Netherlands • Seine River • Paris, France • Thames River • London, England

39. Baltic Sea • Stockholm, Sweden • Helsinki, Finland • Rhine River – Europe’s most important river • Cologne, Germany • Rotterdam, Netherlands • Danube, River – connects Germany to Eastern Europe • Vienna, Austria • Budapest, Hungary • Belgrade, • Bucharest, Romania

40. Why are cities located on waterways? • Provide transportation – move people from place to place • Shipping of goods and services • Source of water supply • Used to grow crops / agriculture

41. The Netherlands Dealing with Water Issues • 27% of The Netherlands lies below sea level, including the city of Amsterdam • Over 60% of the population lives below sea level • There have been several floods that have destroyed villages and killed • The Netherlands has more than 350 miles of dikes (built to hold back water)

42. Dikes help hold back water from the North Sea Windmills were created to help pump out water Engineers began using techniques in New Orleans similar to the ones found in the Netherlands after hurricane Katrina

43. The Netherlands dikes are considered to be one of the 7 Engineering Wonders of the World

44. Major Cities located in the Northern European Plain Paris, France Warsaw, Poland Stockholm, Sweden Berlin, Germany Copenhagen, Denmark London, England Prague, Czech Republic Hamburg, Germany Amsterdam, Netherlands Brussels, Belgium Kiev, Ukraine Minsk, Belarus St. Petersburg, Russia Moscow, Russia

45. Northern European Plain Facts: • Flat land • Contains one of the world’s most fertile soils • Produces food for the people

46. Europe’s Development vs. Physical Geography • Mountain ranges (Alps, Carpathian, Pyrenees, Apennines, Kjolen, and Balkans) and fjords of Norway have forced development away from them – in the valleys, plains, and coastline • The arctic region of the Scandinavian countries have small populations due to the extreme temperatures (cold)