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Motivating People

Motivating People. 3. Chapter 10. Learning Objectives. Define motivation. Discuss the equity approach to motivation. Explain the hierarchy of needs. Discuss the motivation-maintenance approach to motivation. Discuss the expectancy approach to motivation.

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Motivating People

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  1. Motivating People 3 Chapter 10

  2. Learning Objectives • Define motivation. • Discuss the equity approach to motivation. • Explain the hierarchy of needs. • Discuss the motivation-maintenance approach to motivation. • Discuss the expectancy approach to motivation. • Define job satisfaction and organizational morale.

  3. Motivating Employees • William James in late 1800s • “To move” • Three characteristics • Needs produce motives • A stimulus • Analyzing motivation using various approaches

  4. Importance of Trust in Management • Essential for success • Gives management credibility Equity Approach • Theory – Fair treatment in relation to others • Inequity • Inputs • Outcomes • Actions to reduce in equity

  5. Hierarchy of Needs • Physiological • Safety • Social • Esteem • Self-actualization • Different methods can be used to satisfy a need by different people • Many organizations are applying the Need hierarchy logic

  6. Achievement-Power-Affiliation Approach • David C. McClelland • Three needs: • Achievement • Power • Affiliation • Degree for each need • Motivates behavior • Does not satisfy

  7. Motivation-Hygiene Approach • Frederick Herzberg • Extensive interviews and their Analysis • First factors favorable – work itself • Second factors – negative – work environment • Summary • Job enlargement • Job rotation • Job enrichment

  8. Expectancy Approach • Victor Vroom • Three basic beliefs: • Expectancy • Instrumentality • Valence • External factors – negatively influence • Each component can be affected by management • Final component – taken for granted • Solicit employee input for maximum return

  9. Reinforcement Approach • B. F. Skinner • Four types • Positive • Avoidance • Extinction • Punishment • Steps in positive reinforcement • KEY: Rewards must result from performance • Positive more effective

  10. Integrating the Approaches to Motivation • Utilize more than one approach Job Satisfaction • Five major components • Other components • Mind set about the job • Organizational morale

  11. The Satisfaction-Performance Controversy • Belief: Satisfied employees = good performance • Research rejects this popular view • Intrinsic/extrinsic satisfaction and performance • Recruitment successful by satisfied employees • Internal/external factors • Satisfaction and motivation – not identical • Result

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