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Welcome to

Welcome to. Simulation of communication systems DT001A (7,5 credit points) or DT026A (project part+labs 4,5 out of 9 points). Magnus.Eriksson@miun.se and Filip.Barac@miun.se. A project course about MATLAB with SIMULINK and Communications Blockset…. MATLAB = Matrix Laboratory.

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  1. Welcome to Simulation of communication systems DT001A (7,5 credit points) or DT026A (project part+labs 4,5 out of 9 points) Magnus.Eriksson@miun.se and Filip.Barac@miun.se

  2. A project course about MATLAB with SIMULINK and Communications Blockset… MATLAB = Matrix Laboratory. Tool for numerical calculation and visualization. Commonly used for simulation of the communication system physical layer, signal and image processing research, etc. SIMULINK: Toolbox in Matlab that allows graphical data-flow oriented programming.

  3. …and about Network Simulation using tools such as Prowler, NS/3, etc

  4. Aim of the course • To prepare the student for thesis project and work in the area of telecommunciations development and research. • To give experience of performance analysis of communication systems and algorithms, at the physical layer and datalink layer. • To give experience of simulation tools such as MATLAB, SIMULINK and/or Opnet. • This may include modelling and simulation of traffic sources, channel models, modulation schemes, error coding schemes, equalizers, algorithms, protocols and network topologies. • A real-world project is studied within an application area such as wireless sensor networks, cellular communications, modems for broadband access, wireless networks, short-range communication, digital TV transmission, IP-TV or IP-telephony.

  5. Prerequisites • Computer Networks A 7.5 ECTS credits or Multimedia and communication systems B 6 ECTS credits • Wireless Internet Access B or Machine-to-Machine communication AV • Computer Engineering AB-level, 30 ECTS credits, incl programming • TCP/IP networking • Mathematical statistics Other helpful courses: • Mathematical modelling or Stochastic processes/Markov processes/Queueing theory • Transform theory or Signals and systems • Analog electronics or Circuit theory • Signals and systems, 7.5 ECTS credits.

  6. Litterature • Matlab, Simulink and NS/3 documentation will be provided electronically. • Please repeat physical layer issues and datalink layer issues in books on Computer Networks, Machine-to-machine communications and/or Wireless Internet Access.

  7. Requirements • All lectures and supervision lessons are mandatory. • You should attend 80% of the mandatory lessons. • You are expected to devote 20 hours/week to this course. • Qiuzzes (multiple choice tests): At least 70% correct answers. • Lab: About 20 hours of work. • Homework problem. • Oral presentations with discussion • Project report

  8. Requirements on the project Review at least one research paper, and describe some standard and some existing simulation model. Simulate a communications standard, or check the simulations made in a research paper. At least modify an existing simulation model, for exampel a Simulink or Matlab demo, or build a model of your own (more difficult) Produce some plots for several parameter cases, showing for example BER, bit rate or delay as function of at least two different parameters, for example SNR, facing model, modulation scheme, etc. The simulation results should be stable (the plots smooth and not jerky), i.e simulate sufficiently long simulation time, or take the average of sufficiently large number of simulations. Draw some interesting conclusions from this.

  9. Grading is based on • Keeping deadlines. • Quizzes. • Showing good understanding when answering questions from teachers and other students about your presentations. For grade B or A, the following is also required: • Mathematical modelling of stochastic processes. • Extensive own code. • Research relevance. (Required for grade A or B.)

  10. Typical disposition of final project report • 1. Introduction (Assignment 6. ) • (Problem motivation and formulation – inclconcrete parameters) • 2. Theory (Assignemnt 3) • (Standards, on going development, previous research to repeat or comparewith) • 3. Existing simulation model to start out from or comparewith (Assignment 3) • 4. Own simulation model (Assignment 6) • 5. Simulation results (Assignment 7) • 6. Conclusions (Assignement 7) • Answer intro problems, discussreliabilityfo the result, try to explainresult and differences from previous research, suggestfuture research Seeour template for technicalreports

  11. Assignment 1: Theory repetition • The first assignment consists of old exam problems in Computer Networks A, Wireless Internet access B and Telecommunications B. • Deadline: Friday course week 2. Be prepared to present your answers on the whiteboard.

  12. Assignment 2: Simulink lab exercize • Takes about 10-15 hours to do. • Deadline: Course week 3

  13. Assignment 3: Present a standard and an existing simulation model – that you later will simulate and evaluate Essentially chapter 2 (theory) and 3 (existing model that you start out from) of your report. Examples NFC (Simulink model made by previous years students – see Mathworks file archive). IEEE 802.11a WLAN Physical Layer. Also describe newer standards. 802.11n, 802.11ac. WCDMA Coding and Multiplexing. WCDMA Spreading and Modulation  WCDMA End-to-end Physical Layer. MIMO for example in IEEE 802.11n MIMO, link adap. Ultrawideband (UWB/wireless USB). See mathworks file archive.ZigBee Simulink or Prowler model and IEEE 802.15.4g (smart grid). See mathworks file central. . ZigBee Prowler model and Multihop routing protocols (Prowler model) . You may demonstrate simulink model (see Matlab file central) or Prowler model. Perhaps you can add cooperative diversity. Mobile Wimax – Link adaptation and (H)ARQ: Long-term evolution (LTE) Phy Downlink with spatial modeling. Also describe LTE-A. Long-term evolution (LTE) and eMBMS Line codes. Comparison of RZ, NRZ, AMI, Manchester coding (used in 10 Mbps Ethernet), 4B5B (used in 100Base-TX Ethernet) and PAM5 (used in 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet): For a code demonstrating RZ, NRZ, AMI and Manchester, see   http://apachepersonal.miun.se/~rogols/teaching/mks/lab2/LineEncoding.mdlThis code also requires this MATLAB function:   http://apachepersonal.miun.se/~rogols/teaching/mks/lab2/line_encoder.m . During the rest of the project you may further develope the code to deal with 4B5B and PAM5, and to measure the bit error rate. Compare mutlihop routing algorithms. E.g. using Prowler. Compare two wireless sensor network MAC protocols. E.g. CDMA/CA vs Dynamic TDMA. Acoustic modem (develop new model – to be used by students e.g. in a competition on highest data rate) Mobile system simulator: Several moving users. Two base stations with handover or roaming (wifi or LTE). Calculate total throughput and spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/transmitter, and also outage probability. Try to maximize efficiency for a maximum outage of 5%. WLAN Localizating - e.g. based on SS fingerprinting and datamining Localizationg using the IEEE 802.11v or IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Packet data models: Compare models like Poisson traffic versus self-similar traffic. When does it give different result. Optimized scheduling: Compare the PARPS algorithm with an optimized packet scheduling. Acoustic QR code (continue on project by previous year’s students) 5G (or LTE) simulation in Simulink and/or Ns/3.

  14. Assignment 3 (cont.) Oral presentation: Course week 5. Talk 5-10 minutes per person. Everyone should take notes and give to the teacher, and everyone should ask questions and discuss the topic. Present: A standard (mention things like radio frequency, bandwidth, bit rate, modulation, error control method, multiplex method, multiple-access protocol, new/future versions) New versions of the standard or ongoing development Screen dumps – or demonstration of - an existing simulation Mathematical models, statistical distributions and simulation parameters used in the existing simulation model Differences between simulation and a full implementation For higher grades: Also cite a related research paper or a textbook, for example a simulation method with results. See scholar.google.com or library. Within one week after that: Submit report chapter 2 (theory/previous research) and chapter 3 (existing model)

  15. Assignment 4: Quizzes • Basic concepts, Matlab and Simulink concepts • Requirement: At least 70% correct answers. • You can do them over and over again until the deadline.

  16. Assignment 5: Prowler lab • Zigbee and multihop simulation in Prowler. • Takes about 4 hours to do.

  17. Assignment 6: Present project suggestion • Oral presentation course week 6. • Present • Problem formulation (chapter 1) – what to parameters to evaluate • Cite simulation done in a research paper (if you have not done so) • Planned own modification or development of model (chapter 4) • Submit or show report chapters 1 and 4 before christmas.

  18. Assignment 7: Final project presentation • Demonstrate simulation code to teacher (and also in report appendice) • Oral presentation in mid-January of • Results (chapter 5): Plot performance for several cases. • Conclusions (chapter 6). Discuss similarities and differences from result in a cited research paper. • Provide a preliminary report when you give your oral presentation.

  19. MATLAB MATLAB = Matrix Laboratory. Tool for numerical calculation and visualization. Commonly used for simulation of the communication system physical layer, signal and image processing research, etc.

  20. This is how MATLAB looks like Workspace Commandhistory Command window

  21. More MATLAB windows Figure window Array editor M-file editor

  22. How to get help in MATLAB? help functionsname Shows unformatted text doc funktionsnamn Shows HTML documentation in a browser

  23. SIMULINK SIMULINK: Toolbox in Matlab that allows graphical data-flow oriented programming. (Demo of WLAN PHY model.)

  24. Repetition of some basic concepts • Frequency spectrum • Digitalisation, source coding • Error coding • Modulation • Multiple-access methods • Base-band model • Distorsion, noise • Signal-to-noise ratio • Bit-error ratio • Statistics

  25. Repetition of some basic concepts

  26. Some statistical distributions

  27. Gaussian noise Voltage Time

  28. Gaussian = Normal distribution Probability density funciton

  29. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel • White noise = wideband (unfiltered) noise with constant noise density in Watt/Hertz • Pink noise = lowpass-filtered noise. • Additive = linear mixing. Signal Noisy signal + Noise source

  30. Bernoulli distribution 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 Random sequence of independent 0:s and 1:s.

  31. Exponential distribution Commonly used for time between phone calls and length of phone calls. Simple model for calculation and simulation, but does not reflect data traffic bursty nature.

  32. Multi-path propagation

  33. Rayleigh distribution Model of rayleigh fading, i.e. amplitude gain caused by multi-path propagation with no line-of-sight

  34. More commons distributions • Ricean distribution (fading with line-of-sight) • Poisson distribution (number of phone calls during a phone call) • Self-similar process (bursty data traffic) • Rectangular distribution • Discrete distributions, for example the distribution of a dice

  35. Digitalization

  36. AD-converter with seerial output DA- converter Interpolation filter Anti aliasing- filter Sampler 8 bit per sampel i.e. 64000 bps per phone call 28 = 256voltage levels PCM = Pulse Code Modulation = Digital transmission of analogue signals Number exemples from PSTN = the public telephone network 011011010001... 1 0 Loudspeaker Microphone 8000 sampels per sec 300-3400Hz band passfilter. Stopseverything over 4000Hz.

  37. Aliasing

  38. Quantization noice

  39. Digital transmission

  40. Distorsion

  41. Effect of attenuation, distortion, and noise on transmitted signal.

  42. Layer 7 Digitalizatingcompression Source coding Source decoding Layer 6 0110 0110 Error management Error control . Layer 2 0110010 0100010 Bitfel Flow control Flow control Layer 1 Modulation Demodulation Point-to-point communication Mikrofon Högtalare NACK 0110010 ACK

  43. Digital modulation methods Binary signal ASK = Amplitude Shift Keying (AM) FSK = Frequency Shift Keying (FM) PSK = Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

  44. 8QAM example: Below you find eight symbols used for a so called 8QAM modem (QAM=Quadrature Amplitude Modulation). The symbols in the first row represent the messages 000, 001, 011 and 010 respectively (from left to right). The second row representents 100, 101, 111 and 110.

  45. Example 2 cont.

  46. Bit rate vs baud rate Bit rate in bit/s: Where M is the number of symbols and fs is the symbol rate in baud or symbols/s.

  47. Bit and baud rate comparison

  48. Figure 5.14The 4-QAM and 8-QAM constellations Q (Quadrature phase) Q (Quadrature phase) I (Inphase) I (Inphase)

  49. Sine wave example Complex representation 5 Volt л/2 radians = 90º I

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