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MANAGERIAL APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION

PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION. HEDONISM (pre 1890)RATIONAL CHOICESINSTINCT (UNCONSCIOUS) (1890

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MANAGERIAL APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION

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    1. MANAGERIAL APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT (1890 – 1930) ECONOMIC INCENTIVES HUMAN RELATIONS MANAGEMENT (1930 – 1965) SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (1965 +) MEANINGFUL WORK EXPERIENCES

    2. PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION HEDONISM (pre 1890) RATIONAL CHOICES INSTINCT (UNCONSCIOUS) (1890 – 1920) UNCONSCIOUS HEDONISM DRIVE (REINFORCEMENT) (1920 +) HEDONISM OF THE PAST COGNITIVE (1940 +) HEDONISM OF THE FUTURE

    3. WHAT IS MOTIVATION? HEDONISM?? 3 WAYS OF LOOKING AT MOTIVATION: 1. WHAT INITIATES OR ACTIVATES BEHAVIOR? NEEDS 2. WHAT DIRECTS BEHAVIOR TOWARD A PARTICULAR GOAL? RATIONAL PROCESSES 3. HOW IS GOOD BEHAVIOR SUSTAINED OVER TIME? REINFORCEMENT

    4. MOTIVATION THEORIES CONTENT (NEED) THEORIES HIERARCHY OF NEEDS (Maslow) ERG THEORY (Alderfer) MANIFEST NEEDS (Murray, McClelland) TWO-FACTOR THEORY (Herzberg) JOB DESIGN THEORY (Hackman) PROCESS THEORIES EQUITY THEORY (Adams) EXPECTANCY THEORY (Vroom) COGNITIVE EVALUATION THEORY (Deci) GOAL-SETTING THEORY (Locke) REINFORCEMENT THEORIES OPERANT CONDITIONING (Skinner) BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION

    5. CONTENT THEORIES WHAT INITIATES OR ACTIVATES BEHAVIOR? Models of motivation that try to answer the question…”What factors in the workplace motivate people?” Focuses on needs and deficiencies of individuals.

    6. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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