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REMEMBERING 2O10’S FLOODS Heavy rainfall sets records and causes flooding disasters around the world

REMEMBERING 2O10’S FLOODS Heavy rainfall sets records and causes flooding disasters around the world . Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA. 2010 A YEAR OF “RECORD AND NEAR-RECORD” NATURAL DISASTERS.

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REMEMBERING 2O10’S FLOODS Heavy rainfall sets records and causes flooding disasters around the world

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  1. REMEMBERING 2O10’S FLOODS Heavy rainfall sets records and causes flooding disasters around the world Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

  2. 2010 A YEAR OF “RECORD AND NEAR-RECORD” NATURAL DISASTERS

  3. FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) • TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE REGIONAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED IN THE NORMAL WATER CYCLE • EROSION • SCOUR • MUDFLOWS

  4. CAUSES OF RISK LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER FLOODS WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) CASE HISTORIES EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

  5. HAZARD MAPS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREVENTION/MITIGATION • PREPAREDNESS • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION RISK ASSESSMENT POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK FLOOD DISASTER RISK REDUCTION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION COMMUNITY HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

  6. 2010’S “FLOOD LABORATORIES” • PORTUGAL (MADEIRA) • RUSSIA (SIBERIA, KAZAKHSTAN) • USA (NORTH DAKOTA, MINNESOTA, TENNESSEE, CALIFORNIA, …)

  7. 2010’S “FLOOD LABORATORIES” • BRAZIL • POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC, … • CHINA—NORTH KOREA • PAKISTAN • NEW SOUTH WALES (AUSTRALIA)

  8. IMPACTED NATIONS … Madeira (Portugal), Russia, USA (North Dakota, Minnesota, Tennessee), Brazil, Poland, Hungary, Germany, Czech Republic, China , Pakistan, North Korea, New South Wales, Australia, California, …

  9. Millions evacuated. Millions of homes inundated, left without power, damaged or destroyed. Landslides (Rock falls, Mudflows) triggered by heavy, prolonged rainfall. Lives and livelihoods of millions adversely affected. Millions at risk from water-borne diseases SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010

  10. Homes and Infrastructure damaged or destroyed. Health care needs related to water-borne diseases increase sharply. $Tens of billions in insured and uninsured economic losses. Thousands killed in flood-related disasters SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010 (Continued)

  11. FLASH FLOODS TRIGGER MUDSLIDES IN THE MADEIRA ISLANDS, PORTUGAL AT LEAST 42 DEAD FEBRUARY 20-21, 2010

  12. LOCATION OF MADEIRA

  13. WHAT HAPPENED?The worst storm to hit Madeira since 1993 lashed the south of the Atlantic Ocean island, including the capital, Funchal, Saturday, turning some streets into torrents of mud, water and debris.

  14. WHAT HAPPENED (continued)The flash floods were so powerful they carved paths down mountains and ripped through the city, churning under some bridges and tearing others down.

  15. FEBRUARY 21: FLASH FLOOD

  16. FEBRUARY 21

  17. FLOODS IN RUSSIA SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES FLOOD RISKS ACROSS RUSSIA MARCH 2010

  18. LOCATION MAP SHOWING THE THREE GREAT SIBERIAN RIVERS

  19. The Ob River, the country's fourth longest river and the longest estuary in the world, is a major river in western Siberia.

  20. The Yenisei River, which drains a large portion of central Siberia, is the greatest river system flowing northward to the Arctic Ocean.

  21. The Lena River is the easternmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob River and the Yenisei river) is the 10th longest river in the world.

  22. Weather reports warned of "catastrophic" flooding in Siberia, where river ice was up to several meters thick, and rivers flowing northward routinely surge with melting water.

  23. FLOODING IN SIBERIA

  24. FLOODING IN KAZAKHSTAN

  25. NORTH DAKOTA-MINNESOTA EXPERIENCE A NEAR-RECORD FLOOD DISASTER AGAIN 2009’S RECORD FLOOD STAGE APPROACHED, BUT UNBROKEN MARCH 15 - 30, 2010

  26. REASONS FOR FLOODING THE ANNUAL FLOODING THREAT TO FARGO, ND AND MOORHEAD, MN IS TRIGGERED BY: 1) The Spring melt and runoff , AFTER 2) A severe Winter.

  27. SCIENTIFIC REASONS FOR RECURRING FLOOD DISASTERS IN THE AREA Synchrony of river discharge with Spring runoff Ice jams

  28. SCIENTIFIC REASONS FOR RECURRING FLOOD DISASTERS IN THE AREA Lake Agassiz, a glacial lake, is the floodplain of the Red River A sharp decrease in river gradient makes the Fargo-Moorhead area act like a large lake.

  29. 2010: RAPID MELT AND RUNOFF

  30. THE “SPIDER” WAS USED TO MAKE 5,000 SANDBAGS PER HOUR

  31. HALSTAD, MN: 4 FT BELOW 2009’S RECORD OF 40.5 FT

  32. FARGO, ND: THE RED RIVER CRESTS 4 FT BELOW RECORD ON MARCH 21

  33. REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS PLAN A 10-YEAR, $1.3 BILLION FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT A 60 KM (36-MILE) – LONG NEW RIVER CHANNEL IS EXPECTED TO SOLVE THE RECURRING THREAT

  34. FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES PARALYZE BRAZIL WORST IN 50 YEARS APRIL 7, 2010

  35. RIO DE JANEIRO: WIDE SPREAD INUNDATION

  36. 10,000 homes, mostly in the slums where one-fifth of Rio's people live in shacks that are vulnerable to heavy rains, were also severely impacted by mudslides

  37. RECORD FLOODING IN NASHVILLE, TN AREA MAY 1-4, 2010

  38. Flooding after 2 days of intense rain left the city of Nashville and the surrounding area with a record 33 cm (13 in) of water in two days.

  39. The Cumberland River crested Monday afternoon, May 3rd, at 3 ½ m above flood stage.

  40. The flash floods caught the city off-guard, and thousands of residents and tourists were forced to flee homes and hotels as the Cumberland river rapidly spilled over its banks

  41. CUMBERLAND RIVER FLOODS INDUSTRIAL PARK

  42. INTERSTATE HIGHWAY I-24 FLOODED

  43. TEMPORARY SCHOOL BUILDING FLOATS DOWN I-24

  44. FAILURE OF RAILROAD BRIDGE

  45. FLOODING AT OPRYLAND HOTEL

  46. EVACUATION FROM OPRYLAND RESORT HOTEL

  47. The Impacts:150 roads impassableOpryland and other hotels evacuatedBusiness interruptionSchools and universities closedFuel shortagesWater shortagesOver $1 billion economic loss.

  48. RIVERS BURST BANKS AND BREACH DAMS IN CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER WEEKS OF RAIN POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC, … MAY – JUNE, 2010

  49. The heaviest rains in over a decade forced thousands along rain swollen rivers in Poland, Germany, and Hungary to evacuate from their homes, breached dikes and sand bag dams, and caused damage to homes, and infrastructure estimated at over $2.5 billion.

  50. POLAND

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