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AP Psychology

AP Psychology . September 30, 2013 . List and explain the three “thresholds.” . Absolute Threshold: Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time Subliminal Threshold : When stimuli are below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness.

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AP Psychology

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  1. AP Psychology September 30, 2013

  2. List and explain the three “thresholds.” • Absolute Threshold:Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time • Subliminal Threshold: When stimuli are below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness. • Difference Threshold: Minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time, also called just noticeable difference (JND).

  3. Selective Attention __________ refers to the idea that our perceptions about objects change from moment to moment as our awareness focuses.

  4. (***) The Eye (p. 203 in textbook) 2. Transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to focus the image 5. Contains sensory receptors that process visual information and send it to the brain. 1. Small adjustable opening 6. Central point in the retina; point of central focus 7. Carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. 3. Muscle around the pupil that expands and contracts to change the size of opening. 4. Transparent tissue where light enters the eye. 8. Point where optic nerve leaves the eye, because there are no receptor cells located here, it creates a blind spot.

  5. Visual Information Processing Optic nerves - _____________connect the retina to the thalamus and the thalamus to the visual cortex. - _____________transmit information through the optic nerve. Ganglion cells

  6. (***) Theories of Color Vision (***) Trichromatic theory: Helmholtz suggested that retina should contain three colour receptors sensitive to red, blue and green colors – when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any colour Max Low Medium Blue Red Green

  7. (***) Opponent Process Theory (***) Hering, proposed that we process four primary colors opposed in pairs of red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. Cones Retinal Ganglion Cells

  8. COLOUR PROCESSING How does it actually work? • The retina’s red, green, and blue cones respond to colour stimuli (ie. three colour theory) • The signals are processed in the thalamus by red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white opponent-process cells

  9. 1. Hearing begins as sound waves enter the auditory canal from here 4. Lying between the outer and inner ear, this air-filled chamber contains 3 tiny bones. 6. This region of the ear contains the cochlea and the semicircular canals which play an important role in balance. 5. These tiny bones of the middle ear concentrate the eardrum’s vibration on the cochlea’s oval window. 8. This bundle of fibers carries nerve impulses from the inner ear to the brain. 7. This fluid-filled multi-chambered structure contains the hair cell receptors that transduce sound waves into neural impulses. 3. Lying between the outer and middle ear, this membrane vibrates in response to sound waves. 2. Sound waves enter here and are brought to a point of focus at the eardrum.

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