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Western Europe After Rome

Western Europe After Rome. I should not wish to be Aristotle if this were to separate me from Christ. -Peter Abelard, Letter 17 to Heloise (1141). What’s in a Name?. Middle Ages Medieval times Time after the fall of the Roman Empire Before the Renaissance “Dark Ages”

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Western Europe After Rome

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  1. Western Europe After Rome I should not wish to be Aristotle if this were to separate me from Christ. -Peter Abelard, Letter 17 to Heloise (1141)

  2. What’s in a Name? • Middle Ages • Medieval times • Time after the fall of the Roman Empire • Before the Renaissance • “Dark Ages” • Did civilization stop? • Remember the CAGES??? • Slightly suspended

  3. Period in Decline?!? • Called the “Dark Ages” because…. • Building, roads, cities were in disuse and disrepair • Trade declined, but not in coastal towns • Laws weren’t followed • Education disappeared • Money was not used • No more travel outside of country of origin • End of the Classical Age and the beginning of the Modern Period

  4. Divide the era in two… • Early Middle Ages (400 – 1000 CE) • Germanic tribes settle in • Lots of nomads (subsistence farmers) • Leaders are tribal chieftains • Not very literate • Does not trade long distances • Small towns and villages

  5. Divide the era in two… • High Middle Ages (1000 – 1500 CE) • Signs of Recovery (around 1200) • Towns grow; small cities emerge • Social system grows intensely • Trade with Eastern Hemisphere intensifies • Emergence of middle class • (Connect the dots?)

  6. A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe CHAPTER 10

  7. The Early Middle Ages • Western Roman Empire… • Western Roman was left in the chaos • Political, social and military order in collapse • But Christianity allowed the area to rebound • Political Development • Tribal chieftains replace Roman governors • Roman rules taken over by family ties and personal loyalty • No identity with state • Centralized government cannot form • Feudalism

  8. Frankish Kingdoms • Franks • Small imprint, but lasting effect • Organize Germanic kingdoms through military conquests • Merovingian Rulers • Clovis • Accepted Catholicism • Brought stability to throne • Poor descendants lose control

  9. Carolingian Family • Charles Martel (the Hammer) • Holds Muslims to Spain • Makes Christianity dominant religion • Pepin the Short • Charlemagne – Charles the Great • Doubles border size • Revived education; built schools, libraries • Crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” • MissiDominici – the sovereign’s envoys

  10. Carolingian Family • Treaty of Verdun • Charlemagne dies; who’s next? • Lines drawn to general linguistic and cultural borders of today

  11. String of Invasions

  12. VIKINGS • Norsemen • Influenced development of languages in England and France • Norway, Denmark, Sweden • Assimilation in European culture; converted to Christianity • France (Normandy), England, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, and North America

  13. Impact of Vikings

  14. Trading Organizations • Hanseatic League • 13th Century • Commercial alliance • Along the coast of Northern Europe; from the Baltic to the North Sea • Monopolizes trade • Promotes uniformity and security

  15. HANSEATIC TRADE ROUTES

  16. Magyars • Central Asia • Settled in present day Germany, Italy and France • Descendants live in Hungary • *Assimilation in European culture; converted to Christianity

  17. New Forms of Governance Decentralized Government Feudalism in Europe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Riz5HdoHRE

  18. Feudalism • Political and military loyalties that linked lords together • Based on a system of promises • Loose configurations • Warriors bound to chief through loyalty • Chief gives food, shelter and weapons • No centralized governments; no bureaucracies

  19. FEUDAL PYRAMID

  20. The CODE • Protect the land given to them • Find workers to farm • So they could pay taxes to the nobles/king/emperor • Code of Honor – Chivalry • Bravery, Loyalty • Religion plays important role • Christianity

  21. More…. • 1. Survival, death as glory limited to the Crusades • 2. Lord-vassal relationship based on legal code • Contract Bond • 3. Only firstborn son was heir • Primogeniture • 4. Cult of chivalry - women put on pedestal as fragile, inferior beings • 5. Limit the aristocrats power • Magna Carta, 1215

  22. Women in Feudal Europe • Whether noble or peasant • Household tasks such as cooking, baking bread, sewing, weaving, and spinning. • Hunted for food and fought in battles • Learned to use weapons to defend their homes and castles . • Blacksmiths, merchants, and apothecaries . • Midwives, worked in the fields, or were engaged in creative endeavors such as writing, playing musical instruments, dancing, and painting.                        

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