“Mining and the Environment: Challenges of Sustainable Development”

1. “Mining and the Environment: Challenges of Sustainable Development” Presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Water and Environment 5 November 2014

2. Presentation outline About the Chamber of Mines Historical and Current Context Chamber of Mines Response Roles and Responsibilities Conclusion

3. About the Chamber of Mines • To be the VOICE OF MINING, providing the advocacy role to its members • To be a catalyst for industry performance improvement (e.g. environment, safety and health) – putting the house in order • Deal more effectively with legacies of the past • Develop a positive contribution model, by putting South Africa first

4. Members of the Chamber of Mines Chrome Mining Samancor Chrome Xstrata Alloys Diamond mining De Beers Consolidated Namakwa Diamonds Petra Diamonds SA Diamond Producers Organisation (SADPO) Trans Hex Group Gold mining AngloGold Ashanti DRD Gold Gold Fields Harmony Gold Mining Rand Uranium Iron Ore Kumba Iron Ore Platinum mining Anglo American Platinum Impala Platinum Lonmin Platinum Northam Royal Bafokeng Plat Financial corporations Anglo American Corp African Rainbow Minerals Barrick African Gold BHP Billiton Mvelaphanda Resources Rio Tinto (Richards Bay Minerals) Coal mining Anglo Coal Division BHP Billiton Energy Coal Coal of Africa Continental Coal Exxaro Jindal Mining Kangra Group Kuyasa Mining Optimum Coal Sasol Mining Siyanda Total Coal Tweewaters Fuel Umcebo Mining Xstrata Coal Other commodities ASA Metals ASPASA Clay Brick Association Corobrik Deilmann Haniel (Redpath) Delta Mining G&W Base and Industrial Minerals Imerys South Africa Murray & Roberts Cementation PPC Randgold & Exploration SA Mining Contractors’ Assoc Shaft Sinkers Vametco Mineral Corporation Some new members Jindal VMCIL Riversdale Vergenoegd Mining Amava Mining Tshipi e Ntle Giyani Gold 4

5. Presentation outline About the Chamber of Mines Historical and Current Context Chamber of Mines Response Roles and Responsibilities Conclusion

6. Historical and Current Context • Critical but contradictory role • - Mining is an integral part of South Africa, and politics heavily influences the sector and its players. Politics and mining feed on each other, and each political wave has brought its own flavour of changes to the mining industry. These political waves influences the way mining does business. • Negative Legacies • - Labour relations, socio-economic, occupational health and safety issues • - Environmental footprint: water (including AMD) , land, soil, biodiversity • - Regulatory inadequacies and corporate policies

7. LEGISLATION MPRDA & NEMA(As amended)EIAs, EMPs & EMPr Environ. Management Mines & Works ActMining Rights ActMinerals ActMPRDA(No. 27 of 1956) (No. 20 of 1967) (No. 50 of 1991) (No. 28 of 2002)Formal closure No env. man. Strengthening through Strict reg. of env. fencing of sites regulations env. man plans (EMPs) EMPs & MWPs No detailed provision On surface rights Brought about change Concept of sustainable dev.

8. Historical and Current Context, Cont.. • cont.) • Positive Legacies • - Discovery of minerals led to the creation of new towns • Demand for minerals led to the building of RSA’s economic infrastructure, manufacturing/engineering capacity and financial services (e.g. roads, rail network, water and electricity infrastructure) • Demand for skills lead to the establishment of learning and research institutions (e.g. Wits University, SAIMR) • Essentially served as the backbone of RSA’s economy and facilitator of its development

9. Metals and minerals in a Smart Phone • Copper (16 grams) ¹ • Silver (0.35 grams) ¹ • Gold (0.034 grams) ¹ • Palladium (0.015 grams) ¹ • Platinum (0.00034 grams) ¹ • Ceramic magnetic switches containing rare earths ² • Indium² • Titanium dioxide ² • Indium tin oxide ² • ¹ source – USGS http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3097/ • ² source – NRC critical minerals report

10. Metals and Minerals in a car • 960kg iron &steel • 109kg Aluminum • 22.7kg Carbon • 19 kg Copper, 34kg for a hybrid • 19kg Silicon • 11 kg Lead • 10kg Zinc • 7.7kg manganese • 6.8kg Chromium • 4.1kg Nickel • 0.3 kg Platinum • +Antimony, barium, beryllium, cobalt, gallium, gold, magnesium, molybdenum, neodymium, indium, palladium, • Sulphur, rhodium, silver, strontium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium.

11. Even a Wind Turbine uses a significant amount of metals and minerals • 335 tons of steel (chrome included) • 4.7 tons of copper • 13 tons of fiberglass • 3 tons of aluminum • 1,200 tons of reinforced concrete

12. Even the cosmetics and makeup are made from minerals • Talc • Mica • Kaolin • Calcite • Titanium dioxide • Zinc oxide

13. Even a bright smile, even comes from mining……. • Silica • Limestone • Aluminum • Phosphate • Fluoride • Titanium • Mica • Petroleum

14. Presentation outline About Chamber of Mines Historical and Current Context Chamber of Mines Response to AMD Roles and Responsibilities Conclusion

15. Chamber of Mines Response to AMD • Industry was instructed by DWA to develop a long term sustainable solution. • In response to government instruction the mining industry achieved the following: - Establish Section 21 companies, which is WUC - Contract WUC to develop solution (R65million)

16. Chamber of Mines Response to AMD, Cont… • In response to government instruction the mining industry achieved the following: • The mining industry through WUC submitted the First Class Feasibility Study and Stakeholder Engagement which essentially entails the following: • Definition of the scale of the AMD problem – qualities and quantities • Multiple Options considered

17. Chamber of Mines Response to AMD, cont.. • Detailed Feasibility Study undertaken • Risk Assessments • Extensive Regulator and Public engagement • Permitting advanced to approval of Final Scoping- E.I.A Report • WULA ready for submission • Government solution - participation was by invitation

18. Chamber of Mines Response to AMD, cont.. • The mining industry has also contributed significantly to government short, medium and long term interventions on AMD. • Far Western Basin Rand Uranium/Gold One (Pump and treatment facility) • Central Basin • Central Rand Gold ( Submersible Pumps) • DRD Gold ( Pumping Infrastructure • Chamber of Mines participate in Inter Government Forum on AMD regarding immediate, short term and long term management of AMD

19. Chamber of Mines Response to AMD, cont.. • Prevention of future negative legacies - COM and DWA formal liaison forum - Development of Best Practice Guidelines i.e. Water Conservation and Demand Management, series of water resources management guidelines. - Individual companies implementing the regulatory requirements i.e. NWA, MPRDA, NEMA etc • Initiatives in response to IMC report - Technical input into DWA implementation processes

20. Presentation outline About the Chamber of Mines Historical and Current Context Chamber of Mines Response Roles and Responsibilities Conclusion

21. Roles and Responsibility • Mine Water Management • Ownerless and derelict mine sites- responsible party is the State – explore opportunities for private sector participation • Authorisation holders impacted by extraneous water- authorisation holder with State assistance • Authorisation holders - sole responsibility • Lessons from mature mining jurisdictions: Institutional arrangements and approaches

22. Presentation outline About the Chamber of Mines Historical and Current Context Chamber of Mines Response Roles and Responsibilities Conclusion

23. Conclusions • Innovative approaches to legacy sites; • Search for win-win solutions • e.gEmalahleni Water Treatment Plant, WUC proposal • Regulatory flexibility • Improved environmental performance • Social license to operate – mining companies • Monitoring and enforcement - State • Obligations of govdepts to cooperateand align regulatory process • end

24. Thank You Nikisi Lesufiemail: nlesufi@chamberofmines.org.zatel: 0114987660/1