IntroIntro

1. IntroIntro Introduction to Greek and Roman Gods and Goddesses Chart and information in powerpoint from Bulfinch’s Mythology

2. Mount Olympus The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and circular, their own country occupying the middle of it, the central point being Mount Olympus, the abode of the gods and Delphi, the seat of the famous oracle. http://www.kidspast.com/images/mount-olympus.jpg

3. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Dor%C3%A9_-_Styx.jpgahttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Dor%C3%A9_-_Styx.jpga The Underworld The ancients believed that after death, people’s souls descended into the underworld, a land ruled by Pluto, or Hades. It was separated from the world of the living by the river Styx, which was guarded by a boatman and a three-headed dog.

4. Jupiter/Jove/ZeusandHera/Juno Jupiter is the king of the gods, who rules on Mount Olympus. His parents are Saturn and Rhea. The thunder is his weapon, he bears a shield called Aegis, made for him by Vulcan, and his bird is the eagle. Hera, is his sister, his wife and the queen. She is usually represented by peacocks. Her attendant is Iris, the goddess of the rainbow. http://images.fanpop.com/images/image_uploads/Zeus-and-Hera-greek-mythology-687002_1000_845.jpg

5. Neptune/Poseidon Jupiter’s brother. As Jupiter rules over Mount Olympus, Neptune rules over the ocean. He is represented by a trident http://www.wga.hu/art/b/bernini/gianlore/sculptur/1620/neptune.jpg

6. Pluto/Dis/Hades Jupiter’s brother. As Jupiter rules over Mount Olympus, and Neptune rules over the sea, Pluto rules over the realm of the dead. With him is his three-headed dog, who guards the entry into the underworld. http://www.myastrologybook.com/Hades+24br24c-med.jpg

7. Vulcan/Haphaestos Son of Jupiter and Juno. He is known as the “celestial artist.” He as born crippled, and is the god of the forge (blacksmith god). He is married to Venus/Aphrodite. Here, he is presenting Thetis (a nereid) with a weapon for Achilles.

8. Mars/Ares Son of Jupiter and Juno. God of war. http://z.about.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/U/n/2/Mars.png Sandro Botticelli, Mars and Vénus, National Gallery, London http://web.uvic.ca/grs/department_files/classical_myth/gods/ares_i.html

9. Phoebus Apollo Son of Jupiter and Latona, and brother of Diana/Artemis. god of archery, prophecy and music. Also god of the sun. http://www.artchive.com/artchive/g/greek/belvedere_apollo.jpg

10. Venus/Aphrodite Goddess of love and beauty. Daughter of Jupiter and Dione. She is rumored to have sprung from the foam of the sea. She is married to Vulcan, but in love with Ares. Her favorite birds are swans and doves, and her favorite flowers are rose and myrtle. http://www.bodhibody.net/images/welcome.jpg

11. Cupid/Eros Cupid is the son of Venus and her constant companion. He is the god of love, and is constantly armed with a bow and arrow, with which he shoots darts of desire. http://wahooart.com/A55A04/w.nsf/OPRA/BRUE-5ZKCYG/$File/Lorenzo%20Lotto%20-%20Venus%20and%20Cupid.JPG

12. Minerva/Pallas Athene She is the goddess of wisdom, and was born to Jupiter, without a mother. She sprang from his forehead, fully formed and armed. Her favorite bird is the owl, and her plant is the olive. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Pallas_Athene.JPG

13. Mercury/Hermes Son of Jupiter and Maia. He is the god of wrestling, commerce, thieving, and any other skill that requires speed and dexterity. He is the messenger of Jupiter, and he wears a winged cap and winged shoes. He also bears a rod entwined with two serpents, called the caduceus. He is also said to have invented the lyre, http://www.energy-treatments.com/images/hermes.jpg

14. Ceres/Demeter The daughter of Saturn and Rhea, sister to Jupiter. She has a daughter names Proserpina/Persephone. She is the goddess of agriculture. http://z.about.com/d/atheism/1/0/a/S/DemeterCeresVatican02-l.jpg

15. Bacchus/Dionysis The god of wine, is the son of Jupiter and Semele. He is also the promoter of civilization, law, peace and drama. http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/images/bacchus3.jpg

16. Calliope (epic poetry) • Euterpe (lyric poetry) • Clio (history) • Melpomene (tragedy) • Terpsichore (choral dance and song) • Erato (love poetry) • Polyhymnia (sacred poetry) • Urania (astronomy) • Thalia (comedy) There are also Muses, who are the daughters of Jupiter and Mnemosyne (the goddess of memory). They preside over song, and there are nine. http://sharkforum.org/archives/brandl_images/Muses.jpg

17. Euphrosyne • Aglaia • Thalia “These three on men all gracious gifts bestow Which deck the body or adorn the mind, To make them lovely or well-favored show; As comely carriage, entertainment kind, Sweet semblance, friendly offices that bind, And all the compliments of courtesy.” Sir Edmund Spenser The Three Graces They are the goddesses presiding over the banquet, the dance, and all other social enjoyments. http://srs.dl.ac.uk/arch/cost-g8/images/three-graces.jpg

18. Clotho • Lachesis • Atropos The Three Fates These three women spin the thread of human destiny, and they cut it off with their shears when they please. They are the daughters of Themis (the god of law). http://www.artmagick.com/images/content/baierl/hi/baierl3.jpg

19. Alecto • Tisiphone • Megaera Erinnyes/Furies/Eumenides These three goddesses punish with their secret stings the crimes of those who escape human justice. Their heads are wreathed with serpents. http://threes.com/cms/images/stories/mythology/3furies.jpg

20. Prometheus Prometheus is one of the Titans, a race older than the creation of man, given duties and aid by the gods. http://gradstudentmadness.blogspot.com/2008/06/god-of-week-prometheus.html