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Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure

Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure. 1. Cytoplasm. Gel- like fluid of the cell . 2. Cell Membrane. Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the outside of the cell. “Walls to the factory”. 3 . Organelles. “little organs ” that are found in the cell. Examples: Mitochondria & Golgi. 4 . Nucleus.

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Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure

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  1. Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure

  2. 1. Cytoplasm • Gel-like fluid of the cell.

  3. 2. Cell Membrane • Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the outside of the cell. • “Walls to the factory”

  4. 3. Organelles • “little organs” that are found in the cell. • Examples: Mitochondria & Golgi.

  5. 4. Nucleus • Control center that has DNA & coded instructions for proteins & other important molecules. • “Main office in a factory”

  6. 5. Nucleolus • Small, dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins.

  7. 6. Nuclear envelope/membrane • Made of 2 membranes • Outer boundary of the nucleus

  8. 7. Nuclear Pores • Allow proteins, RNA, & other molecules to move into & out of the nucleus. • “moving messages into & out of a factory’s main office”

  9. 8. Chromosomes • Found in nucleus & carries the cell’s genetic info. • Can be seen in dividing cells when the chromatin condenses to form the “X” shape.

  10. 9. Chromatin • Found in nucleus • A complex of DNA (genetic material) bound to proteins • Threadlike in non-dividing cells

  11. 10. Vacuoles • Stores materials like water, salts, proteins, &carbs. • Large in plant cells as a central vacuole.

  12. 11. Vesicles • Store & move materials between cell organelles, as well as to &from the cell surface.

  13. 12. Lysosomes • Filled with enzymes that help to break down lipids, carbs., & proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. • They also break down worn out organelles. • “Clean up crew”

  14. 13. Cytoskeleton (cyto=cell) • Serves as internal skeleton that maintains cell shape. • “Cement beams in a factory”

  15. 14. Microfilaments • Long, thin fibers that helps cells move, and/or provide shape & structure to the cell.

  16. 15. Microtubules • Hollow structures for support (larger) • Help build cilia and flagella (for movement)

  17. 16. Ribosomes • Serve in protein synthesis (making of proteins) • May be found in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

  18. 17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Transports chemicals & proteins within and between cells. • Rough ER = when ribosomes are attached tothe surface. Makes proteins. • Smooth ER = when no ribosomes are attached to thesurface. Makes membranlipids & detoxifies drugs.

  19. 18. Golgi Apparatus/Body • Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins & other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or to release outside the cell. • “Mailroom”

  20. 19. Chloroplasts • Photosynthesis to make sugars for plants • Contains chlorophyll – green pigment

  21. 20. Mitochondria • Converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use (cellular respiration). • “Boiler room”

  22. 21. Cell Wall • Supportive outer layer around the cell membrane to give shape. • Only in plant cells.

  23. 21. Prokaryote • Cell lacking a nucleus & nuclear membrane but still has DNA spread throughout the cell

  24. 23. Eukaryote • Cell that has a nucleus (plant & animal).

  25. Eukaryote

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