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EARLY AFRICA

EARLY AFRICA. 1500 BC – 5OO CE. GEOGRAPHY. MAP p. 194 (POI) Coast Lines Isolation Inland Sahara (north), Kalahari (south) Sahel (savanna). Early African Society. Hunter-Gatherer San – Kalahari BaMbuti – Congo Agriculture led to development of settlements by 4000 BCE Extended Family

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EARLY AFRICA

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  1. EARLY AFRICA 1500 BC – 5OO CE

  2. GEOGRAPHY • MAP p. 194 (POI) • Coast Lines • Isolation Inland • Sahara (north), Kalahari (south) • Sahel (savanna)

  3. Early African Society • Hunter-Gatherer • San – Kalahari • BaMbuti – Congo • Agriculture led to development of settlements by 4000 BCE • Extended Family • Clan • Animism • Griots

  4. Early African Society • Djenne’-Djeno: Located in west Africa (p. 197) • 250 BCE Oldest City South of the Sahara • Bustling Trade Center on the Niger River • Nok: Located south of Djenne’-Djeno between 500 BCE and 200 CE. • Iron developed by 500 BCE. • Earliest “culture” • Terra Cotta statues

  5. AKSUM • Legend attributes it to son of King Solomon and Queen of Sheba as early as 1000 BCE. • Located in modern Eritrea and Ethiopia (map p. 191 and 199. • First mentioned in Greek Guidebook in 100 CE.

  6. AKSUM • Location: Created an international trading post on Red Sea • Adulis • Ezana: 325-360 CE, conquered Kush, Arabia, and Meroe.

  7. AKSUM • Culture: • Religion • Early animism and belief in Mahrem. • Greek Influence • Christianity: Due to the conversion of King Ezana • Architecture • Used no mud bricks • Used cut stones • Constructed “stelae”

  8. AKSUM • Culture (cont.) • Language: Ge’ez, only written language of early civ. In Africa aside from Meroe’ or Egypt. • Terrace Farming • Minted coins (first south of the Sahara)

  9. AKSUM • Aksum Falls: • Islam Invades • 710 Adulis is destroyed • Isolated Aksum’s rulers moved north to mountains of Ethiopia

  10. BANTU MIGRATIONS • What causes migrations? • Environmental change • Political or religious pressure • Technological Advancement • Economic pressure

  11. BANTU MIGRATIONS • Proto-Bantu: Language spoken in Niger-Congo basin (p. 205) • Bantu = “the people” • Spread south and east • Not just 1 migration but waves • 1500 CE reached South Africa

  12. BANTU MIGRATIONS • Why Migrate • Need for land? • Population increased with agriculture • Deforestation and desertification • Effects? • Spread of Bantu language groups • Conflict with native hunter gatherers

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