Thursday- Science Question of the Day

1. Which diagram best shows the arrangement of the Earth, sun, and moon during a new moon? This is the correct arrangement! Thursday- ScienceQuestion of the Day 0607.6.4 Explain the different phases of the moon using a model of the earth, moon, and sun.

2. Today’s Lesson:All about the Earth, Moon, and Sun • Think back to our Space Unit. • What things do the Earth, Moon, and Sun work together to influence? • Earth time (day, year, and month) • Phases of the Moon • They are the reason for our seasons! • They work together to influence tides. • Their arrangement causes eclipses.

3. Let’s Start with … Earth TimeLabel the following diagram – what time on Earth is determined by the movements F, G, H, J? F. Earth’s rotation = Day G. Earth’s revolution = Year H. Moon’s rotation = Nothing! J. Moon’s revolution = Month

4. Practice Question: Which event takes one year to complete? • Earth making a complete rotation • The Moon making a complete rotation • Earth revolving completely around the Sun • The Moon revolving completely around Earth

5. Now onto… Phases of the Moon! • When looking at a diagram of phases of the Moon, it’s important to start with the two easiest phases: New Moon & Full Moon! • In what position does the Earth, Moon, and Sun need to be for a New Moon? • In what position does the Earth, Moon, and Sun need to be for a Full Moon?

6. New Moon Phase Full Moon Phase

7. Now that you’ve got that … • Once you’ve got the new moon and full moon phase … • Add in the other two phases that only come once a month! • What two other phases (think back to our moon journal) only come once a month? • That’s right! The quarter moons! • First Quarter • Third Quarter (a.k.a. Last Quarter)

8. First Quarter New Moon Full Moon Last Quarter

9. Now, finish with the rest! • As the moon goes from a New Moon phase to a First Quarter phase, what phase will come in between?(Hint: what do we call a moon phase that is growing but still smaller than a quarter?) • As the moon goes from a First Quarter phase to a Full Moon phase, what phase will come in between? (Hint: what do we call a moon phase that is growing and larger than a quarter?) • As the moon goes from a Full Moon phase to a Third (Last) Quarter phase, what phase will come in between? (Hint: what do we call a moon phase that is shrinking and larger than a quarter?) • As the moon goes from a Third (Last) Quarter phase back to a New Moon phase, what phase will come in between? (Hint: what do we call a moon phase that is shrinking and smaller than a quarter?)

11. Moon Phase Hand SignalsShow your March Madness Coach how we do Moon Phase Hand Signals!

12. On your worksheet …Label each of the phases of the moon based on its position around the Earth. Remember, start with new moon & full moon phases, then to the quarter phases, and fill in the rest from what you know about waxing & waning!

13. Going over your worksheet First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Waxing Crescent New Moon Full Moon Waning Gibbous Waning Crescent Last Quarter

14. PRACTICE QUESTION • Which moon phase occurs right before a first quarter moon? When we are talking about first quarter, we are still waxing our moon on. Before a first quarter is going to be a moon phase smaller than a quarter moon, which is … a crescent! Therefore, we will have a waxing crescent!

15. The Sun & the Moon pull on the Earth’s Oceans: Tides • Which one has the greater pull on the Earth’s oceans, the Sun or the Moon? Even though the Moon is smaller, it is closer, and so it pulls moreon the Earth’s waters! • When the Sun and the Moon pull together on the Earth, what kind of tide do we have? Spring Tide! • When the Sun and Moon pull in different directions, what kind of tide do we have? Neap Tide!

16. On your worksheet …Draw the position of the Earth, Moon & Sun during a Spring Tide & Neap Tide Spring Tide = Straight Line! Neap Tide = Ninety Degrees

17. Practice Question: During which moon phases is a spring tide most likely to occur? • First quarter and full moon • New moon and waning gibbous • Waxing gibbous and waning crescent • Full moon and new moon

18. The Earth and the Sun interact: Seasons • What motion of the Earth is the reason for our seasons? The Earth’s tilt • How far does the Earth tilt to cause the solstices (the seasons of summer and winter)? 23.5° • When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, what season is it in the Southern Hemisphere? The opposite – Winter!

19. Seasons: Label your worksheet according to which season it is in the Northern Hemisphere. These two positions are not tilting towards or away from the Sun! Spring Winter in the Northern Hemisphere Summer in the Northern Hemisphere Fall

20. Practice Question: The diagram shows the Earth revolving around the Sun: Which position of Earth shows summer in North America? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

21. Sometimes the Earth and Moon get in each other’s way: Eclipses! • When the Moon gets in the way of the Sun shining on the Earth, what type of eclipse occurs? Solar Eclipse • When the Earth gets in the way of the Sun shining on the Moon, what type of eclipse occurs? Lunar Eclipse

22. Practice Question: A solar eclipse is most likely to occur when Earth, the moon, and the sun are in which location?

23. Have some more time? Great Job! … review the other aspects of our Space Unit 

24. Stars • Stars are really big balls of burning hot gasses! • While all stars are hot, stars can be different temperatures, different sizes, and different colors.

25. PRACTICE QUESTION • If a star is large in size, what can we infer about its temperature and color? It will be a cooler star and it will be red in color!

26. Asteroids • Asteroids are the biggest “space rock” • They are smaller than planets and moons, but larger than comets and meteoroids • They are made of stone or metals. • Most of the asteroids in our solar system revolve (orbit) around the Sun in the Main Asteroid Belt, located between Mars and Jupiter. • Scientists think that the asteroid belt could be evidence that a planet once existed between Mars and Jupiter, but broke into pieces while forming!

27. Comets • Comets are medium-sized space rocks that are not really made of rock! • We like to refer to comets as “dirty snowballs” – they are made of dust, frozen water (ice), and frozen gasses! • Comets revolve (orbit) around the Sun too! • During part of their orbit they will get close to the Sun and heat up, causing a distinct “tail” to be seen from our night sky here on Earth.

28. Meteoroids • Meteoroids are the smallest space rock. • Meteoroids are a result of collisions between planets, asteroids and even moons! • Remember, meteoroid = Out In Darkness

29. PRACTICE QUESTION • Describe the size of a comet in comparison to the other “space rocks.” A comet is a medium-sized “space rock” It is larger than a meteoroid, but smaller than an asteroid!

30. Meteors • Meteors are commonly called “shooting stars” • When a meteoroid enters the atmosphere of a planet (like Earth), it burns up and becomes visible

31. Meteorites • When a meteor does not burn up completely, it will land on the surface of a planet or moon. • We then call them meteorites. • Remember,meteorite = In The Earth

32. PRACTICE QUESTION • Correctly list the names of the smallest space rock as it falls from outer space to the surface of a planet or moon. • Meteoroid, • Meteor, • Meteorite

33. Now it’s YOUR TURN • On Ms. McGuirk’s Quia profile page • Underneath Activities • MARCH MADNESS MILLIONAIRE • If you get done early, be sure to visit the link entitled “March Madness – Week 2”