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EARTH FORCES

EARTH FORCES. SOCIAL SUBJECTS DEPARTMENT St. ANDREW’s HIGH SCHOOL. WHAT WILL WE BE LEARNING ABOUT IN THIS UNIT:. OUR EARTH EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMI VOLCANOES SUPERVOLCANO. OUR EARTH. OUR EARTH INTRODUCTION.

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EARTH FORCES

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  1. EARTH FORCES SOCIAL SUBJECTSDEPARTMENT St. ANDREW’s HIGH SCHOOL

  2. WHAT WILL WE BE LEARNING ABOUT IN THIS UNIT: • OUR EARTH • EARTHQUAKES • TSUNAMI • VOLCANOES • SUPERVOLCANO

  3. OUR EARTH

  4. OUR EARTH INTRODUCTION • http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/what-causes-earthquakes/14060.html • INTRODUCTION TO PLATE TECTONICS

  5. The crust of the earth is divided into Plates Can you remember the name of the red lines on the map – where plates meet?

  6. GUESS THE Plate names Eurasian North American Pacific Pacific African South American Nazca Indo-Australian Plate Antarctic

  7. PLATE MOVEMENTS

  8. KUNG FU PANDA PLATE MOVEMENTS

  9. MEMORY GAME Your teacher will call out each of the following plate movements. When you hear the plate movement you must do the KUNG FU PANDA pose. If you do the wrong pose, you are OUT!!! LAST PUPIL STANDING = WINNER!!

  10. PANGEA Read page 7

  11. Destructive plate boundary

  12. Conservative plate boundary

  13. SUCCESS CRITERIA By the end of this section you should be able to: • Understand how earthquakes occur • Understand the key terms to help describe an earthquake. • Explain how earthquakes are measured and recorded. • Understand the impact of an earthquake on people and the landscape

  14. They can occur at all four major plate boundaries but the most severe earthquakes are normally found at conservativeand destructiveplate boundaries. conservative destructive What are earthquakes? Earthquakes are vibrations caused by earth movements at plate boundaries and at major fault lines (cracks in the earth’s surface).

  15. What are earthquakes and where do they occur? • What causes earthquakes? • How are earthquakes measured? earning objectives

  16. The Kobe Earthquake occurred on Tuesday January 17 1995 at 05:46am local time. More than 6400 people were killed.

  17. So how do you think Earthquakes are measured?

  18. RICHTER SCALE

  19. How can we measure earthquakes? This measures the magnitude of a tremor (how powerful it is) using an instrument called a seismograph. On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. Although the Richter Scale has no upper limit, the largest earthquake ever recorded was in 1960 in Chile. It measured 9.5 on the Richter Scale. It is a logarithmic scale which means that a size ‘6’ on the Richter Scale is 10 times larger than a size ‘5’ and 100 times larger than a size ‘4’. The Richter Scale

  20. The Japanese earthquake in Kobe (September 1995) measured 7.2 on the Richter Scale. The Greek earthquake (June 1995) measured 6.2 on the Richter Scale. How many times greater was the Japanese earthquake? The Japanese earthquake was 10 times more powerful than the Greek earthquake. NUMERACY ACROSS GEOGRAPHY

  21. Richter scale quiz! NUMERACY ACROSS GEOGRAPHY How many times more powerful is a category 4 earthquake than a category 1? How many times more powerful is a category 2 earthquake than a category 1? How many times more powerful is a category 6 than a category 1?

  22. 4. How many times more powerful is a category 9 earthquake than a category 8? 5. How many times more powerful is a category 6 earthquake than a category 4? 6. How many times more powerful is a category 7 than a category 4? NUMERACY ACROSS GEOGRAPHY

  23. ANSWERS • 1.1000 • 2.10 • 3. 100,000 • 4. 10 • 5. 100 • 6. 1,000 NUMERACY ACROSS GEOGRAPHY

  24. A seismograph

  25. MERCALLI SCALE The Mercalli scale measures how much damage is caused by the earthquake based on observations. It is measured on a scale between 1 and 12.

  26. ACTIVITY Design your own earthquake cartoon based on the descriptions below 1. Felt by almost no one. 2. Felt by very few people. 3. Tremor noticed by many, but they often do not realise it is an earthquake. 4. Felt indoors by many. Feels like a truck has struck the building. 5. Felt by everyone; many people are awakened. Swaying trees and poles may be observed. 6. Felt by all; many people run outdoors. Furniture is moved. 7. Everyone runs outdoors. Poorly built structures considerably damaged. Slight damage elsewhere. 8. Specially designed structures damaged slightly, others collapse. 9. All buildings considerably damaged, many shift off foundations. Noticeable cracks in the ground. 10. Many structures destroyed. Ground badly cracked. 11. Almost all structures fall. Bridges wrecked. 12. Total destruction.

  27. Prepare an Earthquake Survival Kit The Tokyo International Communications Committee have published a list of items that all families should have in their Earthquake Survival Kit. Activity:Look at the list on the next page. In groups, decide on 8 items that you would put in the kit. You should be able to explain/justify why you have chosen certain items and left out others. Is 8 items enough? Could you carry any more?

  28. Portable battery radio • Torch & extra batteries • First Aid Kit : • Adhesive Bandages • Gauze pads • Safety Pins • Soap • Antiseptic • Latex Gloves • Sunscreen • Paracetamol • Anti diarrhoea tablets • Scissors • Tweezers • Needle • Thermometer • Credit Card • Cash • Some form of ID • Signal Flare • Map of the area • Copy of the family disaster plan • Water – 3 days supply at 1.5 litres per person • Food – ready to eat. No cooking • Tools • Can opener • Pen Knife • Wrench, hammer, screwdriver • Paper plates, plastic cups, utensils • Toilet paper • Personal hygiene items • Blankets • Bin bags • Disinfectant • Bleach • Pet food • Extra Set of car keys • Matches in waterproof container Earthquake Disaster Kit

  29. EARTH FORCES TSUNAMI The March 2011 Earthquake & Tsunami

  30. TSUNAMICASE STUDY: JAPAN

  31. SUCCESS CRITERIA By the end of this section you should: • Be familiar with what happened to Japan in March 2011. • Be able to watch and take notes from a documentary. • Be able to give at least 2 impacts on the people and 2 impacts on the landscape of the disaster. • Explain how people in Japan plan and prepare for Environmental Hazards.

  32. BOOKLET • Let’s get some background knowledge of the Tsunami • Read pages:

  33. March 2011 Disaster • 15,703 people killed • 4,647 missing • 5,314 injured • 130,927 lost their homes • 332,395 buildings, 2,126 roads, 56 bridges and 26 railways were destroyed or damaged. The number of people who lost their lives in this disaster is an unimaginable tragedy. However Japan is a developed, high-tech and well educated nation where people are taught from primary school how to react in the event of an earthquake and Tsunami. Without these plans, the scale of this disaster would have been considerably worse. In pairs, make a list of ways in which you think countries like Japan can plan and prepare for earthquakes and tsunamis.

  34. The March 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami Some of the footage you see, may upset you but it is important that we learn about what happens to others in countries different from our own.

  35. WATCH DOCUMENTARY • CAUGHT ON CAMERA: Please take notes throughout this documentary

  36. Learn from other Countries or Previous Disasters The USGS (United States Geological Survey) have published a document called: Surviving a Tsunami—Lessons from Chile, Hawaii, and Japan In this report they have compiled all of the advice given by Tsunami survivors. What advice do you think people gave? Make a list and then check it with what is on the website. http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1187/#company

  37. Can I…? Am I…? • Familiar with what happened to Japan in March 2011. • Able to watch and take notes from a documentary. • Able to give at least 2 impacts on the people and 2 impacts on the landscape of the disaster. • Explain how people in Japan plan and prepare for Environmental Hazards.

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