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THE CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE in PUBLIC SPEAKING

THE CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE in PUBLIC SPEAKING. Skills Presentation for Thesis Defense & Other presentations. Module prepared by: Arnold C. Pa’alam, BSC, LLB Head, CEPS. WHY THIS COURSE?. THE NEED OF STUDENTS AS PERCEIVED. THE RESPONSE OF THE MANAGEMENT. THE ACTION. THE HOPE ….

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THE CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE in PUBLIC SPEAKING

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  1. THE CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE in PUBLIC SPEAKING Skills Presentation for Thesis Defense & Other presentations Module prepared by: Arnold C. Pa’alam, BSC, LLB Head, CEPS

  2. WHY THIS COURSE? THE NEED OF STUDENTS AS PERCEIVED THE RESPONSE OF THE MANAGEMENT THE ACTION THE HOPE …

  3. Contents: • 1. Our Objectives • 2. Audience & Speakers • 3. A good speech • 4. Parts of a speech: Intro-Body-Conclusion • 5. The 6 C’s of Language Use • 6. Outlining your speech • 7. Enriching your speech • Effective Use of Visual Aids • Authoritative References • Handling Questions and Answers • Voice: pitch, rate, loudness, breathing • Body language • Controlling fear • Inputs for Thesis Defense

  4. Objectives: • Learn the skills • b. Gain confidence PROCESS LISTEN LOOK DO WORKSHOP YOU ON STAGE.

  5. Audience expectations from a speaker: • Knowledgeable : Technical know-how • Credible : Integrity, Competence, Experience • Charisma : Skills (natural or acquired) ...

  6. Responsibilities of a speaker. • Fairness • Free from prejudices • Respect for people’s ideas • Truthful …

  7. The Purpose: • TO INFORM? • TO PERSUADE? • TO ENCOURAGE INTO ACTION? • Note: Make single simple sentence to remind you always why you are writing the speech: • “ The purpose of this speech is to inform the audience about the global warming.”

  8. Characteristics of a • good speech • YOU – Personal conviction. • AUDIENCE – You and the audience become ONE. • SPEECH - • message • purpose • reasons • presentation

  9. THE INTRODUCTION

  10. Objectives in making an introduction: 1. Attention & Interest. 2. Reveal and relate the topic Example: “solar stove”. 3. Establish credibility and goodwill. 4. Preview the body of your speech…

  11. Know how to start: • A QUESTION • ANNECDOTE • 3. A PERSONAL STORY • 4. A QUOTATION • E.g. “To change this world, it must start within ourselves rather than merely hoping someone would . . . one person at a time.” - acp • 5. USE HUMOR INTRODUCTION

  12. THE BODY

  13. TOPIC: GLOBAL WARMING Main Point 1: Global warming and its cause Sub points: What is global warming What is causing it? Who is causing it? Why is this happening? Main Point 2: Global warming and its effect Sub points: What are its ill effects? What is the extent of the damage to this time? What are the long term dangers & short term dangers? Main Point 3: Global warming and it solutions Sub points: What can man do? What are the priorities? Who should get involved? What is the time frame involved? THE BODY

  14. CONCLUSIION

  15. HOW TO END SPEECH? • a rhetorical question • a story • a quotation • a metaphor …

  16. INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION Balance Body … longest part. Introduction & Conclusion …. equal in length. Consider the development of each main point. Order

  17. 4. The 6 C’s of Language Use • To harness the power of language in your speech, • your words must meet certain standards. • Clarity • Color • Concreteness • Correctness • Conciseness • Cultural sensitivity…

  18. OUTLINING YOUR SPEECH

  19. Formal Outline • Identify topic-purpose- thesis statement • Separation of speech parts: • Introduction-Body-Conclusion • Numbering & Lettering • Wording of main points & sub points • Title • List of major sources & references…

  20. Key-Word Outline • The last phase in developing outline • First: Master your speech contents • Make you Key-words Outline • Use Cue Cards …

  21. ENRICHING YOUR SPEECH

  22. Kinds of presentation aids: • Yourself • Objects and models • Graphics

  23. Preparing your visual aid: • Simple and easy • No over-crowding of data in a single frame. • Use fonts easy to read. • Use color effectively. Color increases : • - recognition by 78% • - comprehension by 73%. • Avoid excessive techniques...

  24. Design • Color: (Color psychology) • Test of physical strength • Colors you see in burger parlors. . . .

  25. A STRONG MAN WAS BROUGHT TO A ROOM. THE COLOR OF THE WALLS WAS PINK. HE WAS ASKED TO CONCENTRATE FOR AWHILE ON THE PINK COLOR. THEN HE WAS ASKED TO LIFT THE WEIGHT. A STRONG MAN WAS BROUGHT TO A ROOM. THE COLOR OF THE WALLS WAS RED. HE WAS ASKED TO CONCENTRATE FOR AWHILE ON THE RED COLOR. THEN HE WAS ASKED TO LIFT THE WEIGHT. THEN HE WAS ASKED: “IN WHICH ROOM DID YOU FEEL STRONGER?” ANSWER: “IN THE RED ROOM.” Color: (Color psychology) Test physical strength

  26. Advantages of using visual aids: • Enhances the speech • Increases Clarity • Promotes Interest • Improves Retention • Supports speech Content …

  27. Guidelines when presenting • your visual aids. • Use a proper screen (non-glaring). • Display visual aids only while discussing them. • Maintain eye contact with your audience. • Go slow when stressing important point. • Avoid covering the screen with your own body. • Discourage anyone to handle your visual aids • immediately before and during presentation…

  28. 6. Effective Use of Visual Aids • d.Kinds of Visual Aids • Models – representing another object. • Photographs – picturesque presentation of facts. • Drawings - form of diagrams & drawings. • Graphs – to show statistics & trends. • Charts – to summarize large blocks of information. • Video – to create impact on an idea. • Transparencies …

  29. 7. AUTHORITATIVE REFERENCES • Presenting Facts & Statistics • BENEFITS: • Helps express controversial idea or point. • Aid the panelists to understand you. • HOW TO HANDLE: • Focus on the relevant, available, credible, and reliable. • Use the most recent reliable facts and statistics. • Use unbiased sources. • Round-off statistical numbers:95.67%  96% ...

  30. Kinds of Testimonies. Expert testimony What? Validates information Who? Persons with qualified training or experience. Lay testimony What? Builds identity and authenticity Who?Persons whose wisdom is highly regarded in a society. Prestige Testimony What? Enhances credibility of the message Who? Respected public figure...

  31. 8. Handling questions and answers • Good presentations normally attract questions, what to do: • Anticipating questions. • For long / complicated / unclear question – Rephrase it. • c. Maintain eye contact with the panelist. • d. Keep your answers short and direct. • Handle non-questions politely. • At the end of session, thank your audience/panel…

  32. 9. Using your voice effectively (expression) Right voice tone provokes different meanings. Exercises: Say these words with voice expression, facial expression & body language. “HUNGRY” “TIRED” “EXCITED” “ENJOY”

  33. VOICE PITCH • Habitual pitch - the level used most frequently. • Optimum pitch - the level that produces strongest voice. • Exercise.GET YOUR OPTIMUM PITCH • 1. Sing the sound ‘LA’ down to the lowest comfortable pitch. • 2. Now, sing up the scale notes to the highest tone you can comfortably produce. • Normal human range: approximately notes. • Your optimum pitch is about of the way up your range. • If your range extends: • 12 notes, your optimum pitch = 3rd note up the scale; • 16 notes, your optimum pitch = 4th note up the scale... 16 1/4

  34. NO MAN IS AN ISLAND (GROUP EXERCISE) John Donne No man is an island, entire of itself, Every man is a piece of the continent A part of the main, If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is less, As well as if a promontory were, As well as if a manor of thy friends Or of thine own were; Any man’s death diminished me, Because I am involved in mankind, And therefore never send to know For whom the bell tolls, It tolls for thee.

  35. b. Rate of speech. • Expresses your speech mood. • Serious material: slow deliberate rate. • Lighter topics need a faster pace. • These variations may involve: • the duration of syllables • the use of pauses, and • the overall speed of presentation. • The typical speech rate: words/minute. • If it is Bahasa Indonesia (kurang-lebih) = 125 100

  36. Pausing: • highlights its importance • gives listeners time to catch up. • help build suspense and maintain interest. • For more practices, you may choose your own article and keep practicing the rate of your delivery...

  37. c. Loudness of voice. No presentation can be effective if the audience cannot hear well the speaker. If there is no sound system, estimate your voice volume. If there is a sound system, know the proper use of microphone. TYPES OF MICROPHONES * MONO DIRECT. * MULTI DIRECT. * DISTANCE OF YOUR MOUTH FROM THE MIC. SIZE OF GROUP 20 PEOPLE 50 PEOPLE 100 PEOPLE SIZE OF PLACE SMALL ROOM CLASSROOM CONFERENCE ROOM SMALL AUDITORIUM

  38. d. Breath control (EXERCISE) • Voice Loudness is influence by how we breath. • Breathing properly. • Stand UP… two feet about eight inches apart. • Place your hand on your lower rib cage, thumbs to the front, finger to the back. • Take a deep breath - in thru’ nose… out thru’ mouth. • Feel your ribs move. • Problem in breathing. • Take normal breath, count while exhaling 1 to 15 without losing volume or feeling the need to breathe, you need to work on extending your breath control. Begin by counting 1-10 and gradually increase. • Do not try to compensate by breathing too deeply...

  39. e. Variety of voice, pitch & loudness. - To avoid monotone. - Tells audience importance of the information. Exercise: Kutaruh kakiku satunya di atas es. Aku sekarang di kolam air mancur. Es bergerak menjauh dari tepi, dan sedikit air naik ke permukaan es, tapi esnya tidak pecah. Aku mulai melangkah ke pilar. Jaraknya hanya sekitar empat meter pulang pergi, dan resiko yang kuambil hanyalah tercebur ke air dingin. Tapi aku tidak boleh berpikir tentang apa yang mungkin terjadi. Aku telah melakukan langkah pertama, dan aku harus terus melangkah sampai ke tujuan.

  40. 10. Effective body language • It reinforces the verbal language. • Facial expression & eye contact • Expresses human feelings. • Reflects/reinforces word meanings. • Helps establish rapport with audience. • (Note: However, eye contact in other cultures can be offensive. • In China, Indonesia, and rural Mexico, people lower their eyes as a sign of deference. • Some Native Americans may find direct eye contact offensive or aggressive. • Americans are very strong in eye-to-eye contact.) …

  41. 11. OVERCOMING FEAR(stage-fright) • Stage-fright is normal. • Fear pours adrenalin and other chemicals into our body and prepares it for a physical reaction. What can you do? • Burn it. Keep moving around. • Muscle relaxation technique. • Control you breathing • Distraction method. (Imagine pleasant memories, use Ipod, etc.) …

  42. Kinds of fear • AudienceShock • Fear • - Criticism • - Forgetting • - Embarrassment • - Failure • - Unknown • - Bad Past Experience • - Mistake • - Feeling strange …

  43. HOW TO OVERCOME FEAR (DEMAM PANGGUNG OR STAGE FRIGHT) PENGUASAAN MATERI PENGUASAAN PRESENTATION SKILLS SIMULASI DGN KELOMPOK ANTISIPASI PERTANYAAN BREATHING EXERCISE LIGHT PHYSICAL EXERCISE MENTAL DISTRACTION …

  44. Here some practical input for your thesis defense

  45. Proper attire !!!

  46. Isi power point terlalu detil

  47. SekolahTinggiIlmuKomunikasi The London School of Public Realtions – Jakarta STRATEGI PROMOSI PERUSAHAAN OUTSOURCING DALAM MENINGKATKAN KONSUMEN (StudiDeskriptifPada PT. IntriasMandiriSejati) DiajukanOleh : Nama : X NIM : 200000000 Konsentrasi : Marketing

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