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Project Roslyn:

Project Roslyn:. the compiler is at your service. Joe Hummel, PhD @ joehummel joe@joehummel.net http://www.joehummel.net/downloads.html. Chicago Coder Conference, June 2016. Joe Hummel, PhD Professor: U. of Illinois, Chicago Consultant: Joe Hummel, Inc. Trainer: Pluralsight

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Project Roslyn:

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  1. Project Roslyn: the compiler is at your service Joe Hummel, PhD @joehummel joe@joehummel.net http://www.joehummel.net/downloads.html Chicago Coder Conference, June 2016

  2. Joe Hummel, PhD • Professor: U. of Illinois, Chicago • Consultant: Joe Hummel, Inc. • Trainer: Pluralsight • Microsoft MVP Visual C++ • Chicago-based, one daughter adopted from China (now 14!) • Avid Lake Michigan sailor Project Roslyn

  3. Demo! Project Roslyn

  4. What is Project Roslyn? • The ".NET Compiler Platform" • Replacement of previous .NET compilers with new ones • csc for C# • vbc for VB.NET class C { . . . } class C { . . . } class C { . . . } csc 000101010101010101010101010 Project Roslyn

  5. Risky • if Microsoft gets this wrong, they break a lot of code --- including their own Project Roslyn

  6. So why did Microsoft do this? • Open up the compiler • Now folks can… • Extend C# and VB with new features • Target other platforms --- e.g. Raspberry PI? • Take advantage of the rich information the compiler has about programs --- e.g. better refactoring, analysis, testing? Project Roslyn

  7. What's the benefit? • Faster turnaround on new features • inside and outside MSFT • Grow the Visual Studio ecosystem • MUCH easier to build new tools • MUCH easier to extend Visual Studio, C# and VB • MUCH easier to try out new ideas Project Roslyn

  8. Status • Integrated into Visual Studio 2015 • Additional .NET Compiler Platform SDK • Shipped as a VS extension • https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn Project Roslyn

  9. Open source? • Yes, open source! • Apache license 2.0 • You are free to GIT, fork, modify, rebuild, deploy • Anders released on stage @ Build 2014 Project Roslyn

  10. Before Roslyn… Project Roslyn

  11. C# and VB compilers were black boxes • predefined switches only way to interact… > csc.exe main.cs /o /warn:4 csc Project Roslyn

  12. After Roslyn… Project Roslyn

  13. The compilers are now white boxes • You can: • obtain information about a program • modify a program syntactically / semantically • impact the compilation process • change the compiler itself! Roslyn csc Project Roslyn

  14. Roslyn APIs Project Roslyn

  15. "Call me every time you see an identifier…" (because I'm renaming all global variables) "Emit this code instead…" (I'm targeting specific HW) Roslyn // translate project resource strings: foreach(Project p) foreach(Document d) foreach(Resource r) replace(r, r'); csc Project Roslyn

  16. Many of the features in Visual Studio are driven by Roslyn… Project Roslyn

  17. ? • What can we do with this capability? • Infinite possibilities: • better tools — refactoring, analysis, … • better enforcement of coding standards • integrate C# / VB into your app • target new platforms • language research — DSLs, … • compiler research • … Project Roslyn

  18. Compiler Basics… Project Roslyn

  19. Front-end vs. Back-end • Front-end deals with syntax ― "grammar" • Back-end deals with semantics ― "meaning" Project Roslyn

  20. // comment if (x>100) x = 100; Typical Compiler Phaseslexical analysisparsingsemantic analysisHL optimizercode genLL optimizer Sourcelanguage Lexical Analysis Compiler tokens if, (, x, >, 100, ), x, =, … IR IR' IR'' Parsing Semantic Analysis High-level Optimizer Code Gen IR''' Low-level Optimizer syntaxerrors semanticerrors Assemblylanguage Project Roslyn

  21. Roslyn Intermediate Representation (IR) • Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) • Symbol Table + GCD program Project Roslyn

  22. How to learn Roslyn AST? • Use the Roslyn Syntax Visualizer! • Install .NET Compiler Platform SDK • Open a project • Open a source file • View menu… >> Other Windows >> Syntax Visualizer Project Roslyn

  23. Working with Roslyn… Project Roslyn

  24. Roslyn is BIG • There are many APIs… • There is the source code itself… + Project Roslyn

  25. Start small  • Let’s create a simple diagnostic that warns about empty catch blocks… Project Roslyn

  26. Step 1: • Install .NET Compiler Platform SDK • Create new project… >> Extensibility >> Diagnostic with Code Fix • Name >> EmptyCatchDiagnostic ` Project Roslyn

  27. public class CatchBlockDiagnosticAnalyzer: DiagnosticAnalyzer { . . . public override void Initialize(AnalysisContext context) { context.RegisterSyntaxNodeAction<SyntaxKind>(AnalyzeNode, SyntaxKind.CatchClause); } // only called for things of interest: public void AnalyzeNode(SyntaxNodeAnalysisContext context) { var node = context.Node; varcatchBlock = node as CatchClauseSyntax; if (catchBlock.Block.Statements.Count== 0) // empty! { vardiagnostic = Diagnostic.Create(...); // create warning: context.ReportDiagnostic(diagnostic); // display: } } • Step 2: • Create Analyzer to detect empty catch blocks Project Roslyn

  28. internal class CatchBlockDiagnosticCodeFixProvider: CodeFixProvider { // only called for things of interest: public … async Task RegisterCodeFixesAsync(CodeFixContext context) { varroot = await context.Document.GetSyntaxRootAsync(…); vardiagnostic = context.Diagnostics.First(); vardiagnosticSpan = diagnostic.Location.SourceSpan; var catch = root.FindToken(…).Parent.AncestorsAndSelf(). OfType<CatchClauseSyntax>.First(); context.RegisterCodeFix(CodeAction.Create("throw", c => UpdateCatchBlock(context.Document, catch, c)), diagnostic); } private async Task<Document> UpdateCatchBlock(Document doc, …) { varthrowStmt = SyntaxFactory.ThrowStatement(); varnewStmts= new SyntaxList<StatementSyntax>().Add(throwStmt); varnewBlock= SyntaxFactory.Block().WithStatements(newStmts); varnewCatchBlock= SyntaxFactory.CatchClause().WithBlock(newBlock). WithAdditionalAnnotations(Formatter.Annotation); varroot= await document.GetSyntaxRootAsync(); varnewRoot= root.ReplaceNode(catchBlock, newCatchBlock); varnewDocument= document.WithSyntaxRoot(newRoot); return newDocument; } • Step 3: • Create Code Fix Provider to optionally correct problem… Project Roslyn

  29. Step 4: • Run! • A .vsix installer is built • A new instance of VS is started • The .vsix is installed • Open a project and test… Project Roslyn

  30. Installing Roslyn… Project Roslyn

  31. Roslyn compilers are part of Visual Studio 2015 • You’ll also want .NET Compiler Platform SDK • Visual Studio extension • Tools >> Updates and Extensions Project Roslyn

  32. Summary… Project Roslyn

  33. Thank you for attending! • Joe Hummel, PhD • Email: joe@joehummel.net • Materials: http://www.joehummel.net/downloads.html • For more information on Roslyn: • MSDN: • “C# - Adding a Code Fix to Your Roslyn Analyzer”, by Alex Turner, Feb 2015 • Docs / FAQ: • https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn • https://github.com/dotnet/Roslyn/wiki/Roslyn%20Overview • Microsoft’s Channel 9 Project Roslyn

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