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Information synthesis

Information synthesis

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Information synthesis

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  1.   Discuss Synthesis of Information from Studies   Demonstrate Snippets of Information Synthesis

  2.   Combination of Results from two or more studies   This step is relevant for Systematic Reviews and Guidelines   Literature Synthesis >> New Knowledge

  3.   Systematic Reviews   Meta Analyses   Guidelines   Consistency

  4.   Frame a Structured Question   Conduct Search of the Literature   Critically Appraise Individual Research   Select and Combine the Results

  5.   Narrative Combination   Numeric Synthesis

  6.   Create Tables of Results   From the Results, answer the questions

  7.   Meta Analyses   Usually done for RCTs to be combined   Rules: Check if the studies are homogeneous   If homogeneous, provide estimates based on ◦  Random Effects ◦  Fixed Effects

  8.   The results or effect sizes are similar   If they are not similar or grossly dissimilar then   No Point in Summing The Studies Together

  9.   The studies are from a “universe” of similar studies   The estimate provides a “if a hypothetical study were to be done, then …”   Estimates are conservative   The Fixed Effects Model tells us “based on _this_ subset of studies ….”

  10. Civljak, M., Sheikh, A., Lf, S., & Car, J. (2012). Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation ( Review ).

  11.   Synthesis is the process of combination of different study findings   Two Applications are Systematic Review and Guideline Development   Synthesis > Adding up the Results   Narrative Synthesis is always done (Systematic Review)   Numerical Synthesis requires considerations of:   Whether homogeneity of effects exist   Whether we are interested in fixed or random effects

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