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CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131

CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131. Cellular Respiration. All living organisms go through cellular respiration. Series of chemical reactions to make ATP from glucose Equation for Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + pigment + sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Equation for Cellular Respiration

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CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131

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  1. CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131

  2. Cellular Respiration • All living organisms go through cellular respiration. • Series of chemical reactions to make ATP from glucose Equation for Photosynthesis • 6CO2 + 6H2O + pigment + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2 Equation for Cellular Respiration • C6H12O6 + O26 CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY (ATP)

  3. There are 2 scenarios • Aerobic (with oxygen) • Anaerobic (without oxygen) • Anaerobic • Glycolysis (only method for some prokaryotes) • Occurs in cytoplasm • Fermentation allows for this process to keep going • 2 ATPs are made

  4. Aerobic Respiration • Occurs in the mitochondria • Kreb’s cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  5. Glycolysis • Series of chemical reactions that take place in the cytoplasm and does not need oxygen to work. • In glycolysis, enzymes break down one of glucose into two pyruvate/pyruvic acid molecules. *Glue glycolysis illustration into notes

  6. Glycolysis

  7. Glycolysis, pg 133 • Step 1, Breaking Down Glucose • Glucose is converted back into 2 - G3P (3 carbon molecule).

  8. Glycolysis • Step 2 and Step 3, NADH and Pyruvate • Each of the G3P go through a series of chemical reactions • Converted into Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) • 2 molecules NADH are created • Important because NADH are Hydrogen ion/proton and e- carriers

  9. Glycolysis • Glycolysis produces 2 ATP • without O2 it also produces 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvates

  10. Fermentation (anaerobic process) pg 134 • To make ATP during glycolysis, NAD+ is converted to NADH. • Organisms must recycle NAD+ to continue making ATP through glycolysis. • The process in which carbohydrates are broken down in the absence of oxygen is called fermentation. • Beneficial because it allows glycolysis to continue supplying a cell with ATP in anaerobic conditions.

  11. Two Types of Fermentation

  12. Cellular Respiration illustration

  13. Aerobic Respiration • 1st stage is the Krebs cycle • a series of reactions that produce electron carriers • (NADH and FADH2) • 2nd stage electron transport chain takes place in the inner membranes of mitochondria • ATP synthase are located here • Up to 36 ATP molecules can be produced from one glucose molecule in aerobic respiration.

  14. Kreb’s Cycle • Pyruvate (from glycolysis) is broken down and combined with other carbon compounds creating CoA. • Releasing CO2 • 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2

  15. Electron Transport Chain • Takes place in the inner membranes of mitochondria • ATP synthase are located here • NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle • transfer energy in the form of e- and H+ into the electron transport chain. • e- are used to pump the H+ across the membrane to create a concentration gradient

  16. Electron Transport Chain ATP Production • Hydrogen ions diffuse through ATP synthase, providing energy to produce several ATP molecules from ADP.

  17. The Role of Oxygen • At the end of ETC • the e- combines with an oxygen atom and two hydrogen ions to form two water molecules. • If oxygen is not present, • the electron transport chain stops, because hydrogen has no where to go. • the electron carriers are not recycled, so the Krebs cycle also stops

  18. Summary

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