DRY STONE BUILDING TECHNIQUES & SOLAR ENERGY IN DUBROVNIK

1. DRY STONE BUILDING TECHNIQUES & SOLAR ENERGY IN DUBROVNIK Biserka Simatović, Project Coordinator Lead Beneficiary,City of Dubrovnik EX.PO AUS „Extension of Potentiality of Adriatic UNESCO sites” INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP May 29-31, 2014 „ Dry stone building techniques and know-how between tradition and innovation” Alberobello, Italy The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

2. Dry Stone Building - Stone shelters Dubrovnik-Neretva region „bunja” in Dalmatia and islands „vrtujak and toreta” on Korcula Island

3. Dry Stone Building in the Dubrovnik-Neretva region Stone architecture used along the Croatian coast Proportion based on the square root of three divided by two

4. DRY STONE CONSTRUCTION • A natural barrier built high enough so sheep cannot escape • Strong enough to resist the ‘bora’ wind • Various traditional constructions: support walls for terraced slopes, cisterns, barns, field shelters and entire small settlements occasionally used in the open fields and grazing areas • Habitat for various plant species and animals • Endangered areas of past architecture, difficult to protect

5. Typical drystone

6. „VRTUJAK” • Vrtujak near Vela Luka, Korcula Island • Important cultural heritage; proportion system used • Korcula used to be covered in vineyards, now trees • Some are hidden by bushes, even those with watch towers facing the sea or other shelters • Normally, rectangular ground plan and sometimes very thin walls • Used for storage: equipment for work in vineyards • Cisterns with ‘catching’ platforms for collecting water and basins for blue copper - vitriolac

7. „TORETA” • Near the village of Smokvica, Korcula Island • Wooden door (only used for sheltering shepherds) • Sheep pen with sheep folds with wooden roof construction near the toreta • Walls can be very thin, requiring craftsmenship • Corbelled construction is perfect • Today, state of roofs is relatively good, after decades of no maintenance • Origin: Spain according to legend, Menorca – where the village is called ‘toreta’ and stone shelters are known • Found also in Puglia, not far from Korcula

8. TYPICAL FORMATION OF VILLAGES ALONG DALMATIAN COAST & ISLANDS

9. KonavleRegionPOPOVIĆI – complex of houseswith a ‘kominat’ or fireplace (top)POPOVIĆI – chimney over the entire fireplace or ‘kominat’ (left)POLJICA GORNJA – courtyard(right)

10. KONAVLE REGION‘GORNJA BANDA’ groupingof a gumno and shelter

11. PRIMORJE REGIONCOASTALTOČIONIK-BRDO (top left)TRNOVICA pool (top right)KOTEŽI (bottom leftBANIĆI, Gornje selo, cistern(bottom right)

12. METKOVICPODGREĐE – ‘Saleš’typical buildinghearth on ground floorbasket for drying corn on south side, top floor

13. SIPAN ISLANDŠipanska luka(top) DO (bottom left)VOJINO SEO (bottom right)

14. LASTOVO ISLAND & typical shelter

15. VID near METKOVICbuilding, 1st half 19th c. &Traditional buildings in Opuzen

16. TYPICAL STRUCTURE

17. KONAVLE REGION traditional „GUMNO”

18. KONAVLE „GUMNO”Old Slavic – gu – govedo ( + mbneti – koračati / place where cattle walk on wheat) • ‘Gumno’s’ were used for harvesting & important meeting place for peasants: singing, playing, drinking, bonfires • In the Dubrovnik Primorje region and in Konavle, they were walled in stone • Built close to storages • Oval, paved in large flat stones, low walls up to half a meter and stone benches and wide entrances, central stone post for tying up animals • Usually with 2 entrances, one for horses and the other for carrying out straw • Used also for celebrations and dancing ‘Lindo’ – famous traditional folk dancing in the Dubrovnik region • Important meeting point for peasants

19. KONAVLE „GUMNO”as a corral, storage of equipmentGornje Konavle, northern Primorje, islands

20. VARIOUS SHELTERS

21. BROKEN DOWN SHELTER &BOUNDARY

22. RENOVATION OF DRYSTONE HERITAGE • WHO: local licensed company „Gradevinar-Quelin” • WHERE: Arboretum, Trsteno (near Dubrovnik) • WHAT: Panorama Point overlooking Adriatic Sea • WHEN: May 2011 • WHY: Damage due to heavy rainfall

23. TRSTENOoutskirts of Dubrovnik

24. TRSTENOrenovations

25. TRSTENO – renovations

26. QUARRYING STONE • Irregular shaped stones found in the ground, minimal shaping • Best stone has 2 parallel faces, long enough to be anchored deep into walls • flat stones of all sizes can be used • Large boulders – need to locate the direction in which layers are positioned in order to break off layers with wooden spike • Stone tiles and quality boulders that need to be worked must be quarried • Most settlements use nearby quarries – hard rock with horizontal layers

27. „ROCK OF ROOF” PROJECT • IPA Adriatic CBC 2007-2013; 4 years; 4 countries; • 10 partners: Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina • Dubrovnik-Neretva County Development Agency DUNEA • 140,900.00 EUR • End: 2015 • Creation of a platform for sustainable use of limestone, sustainable guidelines • Identification of limestone sites, determination of joint legislation framework, map of quarries, database, studies, education of urban planners, architects, engineers, conservationists, politicians

28. EUROPA NOSTRA AWARD • Presentation by Grga Frangeš on the award winning project "Preserving Dry-Stone Masonry Techniques of the Eastern Adriatic" by 4 Grada Dragodid from Croatia, laureate of European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Award 2011 in the category Education, training and awareness-raising. • This presentation has been voted as the best formal presentation by the audience at The Best in Heritage 2012 conference in Dubrovnik • http://www.thebestinheritage.com/presentations/2012/4-grada-dragodid---preserving-dry-stone-masonry-techniques-of-the-eastern-adriatic,192.html

29. MORE INFORMATION GrgaFrangeš Ethnologistgrgoje@gmail.com 4 GradaDragodid Krajiška 30, 10 000 Zagreb info@dragodid.org www.dragodid.org & Suhozid.hr – a citizen science web portal

30. CURRENT ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS IN DUBROVNIK • Installation of intelligent energy system and changing woodwork in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum • Solar cooling system on Vodovod building • Solar heating system on city pool • Instalation of LED street light lamps that are 60% more energy efficient than current ones.

31. Dubrovnik Natural History Museum

32. Intelligent Energy System and Woodwork changes in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum Current conditions: • No installed heating/coolingsystem • No light intensity regulator • Low energy efficient doors and windows • Energy consumption of the building is 143,70 kWh/(m2a) - kilowatt hours per sq. metre per annum The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

33. Woodwork changes and intelligent energy system in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum Project goals: • Replacement of 49 windows and 7 doors with more energy-efficient ones • current windows and doors allow air flow through spaces between frames • rotting shutters cannot open and allowthe entry of sunlight • investments will result up to 30% lower heating energy consumption • The project EX.PO AUS is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

34. Woodwork change and intelligent energy system in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum Project goals: • Installation of an intelligent LED lightingsystem • Use of LED bulbs allows modifying the intensity of light depending on sunlight • Reduction of lighting energy consumption up to 12 times • Filamentand halogen bulbswerepreviouslyused

35. Woodwork change and intelligent energy system in Dubrovnik Natural History Museum Project goals: • Installation ofan intelligent heating/cooling system (17,4kW),which will automatically regulate temperature, turning on/off and soreduce energy consumption • Energy that was priorylused for heating one floor will be now sufficient for heating the entire building • building was previously heated with ordinary Electric heaters (Consuption: 2kw per heater)

36. Solar cooling system on the „Vodovod” building IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project The general objectivesof the project: • to promote the use of renewable energy for refreshing and cooling in the territories of the Adriatic area • to establish a co-operation between technical and public institutions and operators, in order to make them understand the potentiality of Solar Cooling technologies • to set-up demonstration pilot sites to better assess the technical and economic feasibility in the Adriatic area • to contribute to the decarbonisation of the Adriatic area

37. Solar cooling system on „Vodovod” building IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project Schematic of an absorption solar cooling system which is used for cooling Vodovod building

38. Solar cooling system on „Vodovod” building IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project • Investment • 145,000 euro • 65m2 of solar collectors are used for • 17,5 kw of cooling power • 25 kw of heating power

39. Solar cooling system on „Vodovod” building IPA Adriatic – „Adriacold” project Commissioning of an absorption solar cooling system Solar collectors used for cooling

40. Solar heating system on city pool • heating system based on solar collectors • system will save up to 20% of nnual energy consumption • reduction in annual greenhouse gas emissions by 104 tons

41. Solar heating system on city pool • 600m2 of solar collectors will produce 372,4 kw of heating power (404Mwh annually) • annual savings of 39 400 L of heating oil

42. LED street lights 30 LED lamps have been installed in Andrije Hebranga Street (Gruž area) as a pilot project Final goal of this project is to eventually replace all street lights with LED ones in the City of Dubrovnik LED lamps are 60% more energy efficient than classic ones and save up to 1200kn (160 EUR) per lamp per year

43. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! City of Dubrovnik Pred Dvorom 1 HR-20000 Dubrovnik Tel: 0038520351800 www.dubrovnik.hr Agency for energetics & information technologies Ltd. Ivan Grbavac Mob: 00385 91 6126 613 www.energit.biz