Industry in the North – 14.1

1. Industry in the North – 14.1 Manufacturing, transportation, inventions and communication help the North to grow

2. New Machines • Elias Howe patents the sewing machine • Isaac Singer improves it • Machine-made replaces handmade (tailors) Sewing Machine

3. New Machines • Farming – lightweight steel plow by John Deere • Now horses can pull plows –not oxen • 1847 Cyrus McCormick produces reaper –cuts down wheat and other grains John Deere’s Plow McCormick’s Reaper

4. The Telegraph • 1844 Samuel Morse • Electronic signals over a wire – dots and dashes • Instant Success – information travels in minutes • Especially helps farmers and businesses with prices Samuel Morse’s Telegraph

5. Railroads • 1829 – steam-powered locomotive in England • First U.S. railroad was B&O = Baltimore & Ohio • Initially opposed by farmers, teamsters, and owners of canal

6. Railroads • Improvements made in system in safety & reliability • Replaces many canals • By the 1850s RRs are widespread • Major rail centers in New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago Wrecks were not uncommon in the early days of trains

7. Clipper Ships • Sleek ships with tall masts • John Griffin launches first in US in 1845 • Cuts many ocean-going trips in half • Soon clipper ships are surpassed by ocean-going steam ship Era of the clipper ship was short-lived

8. Northern Industrial Expansion • 1830s - Steam powered factories – not water • Machines – sewing machine increase productivity • RRs, telegraph all lower costs • Telegraphs improve rail safety An ocean going steam ship Factory at Lowell. MA

9. Northern Industrial Expansion • American advantages • America has vast amounts of raw materials • Huge expanses of farmland • Willingness to take advantage of them The factory of the 1840s Farming in the 1840s