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Lyndon Baines Johnson

Lyndon Baines Johnson. Democratic Party 1963-1969 President #36. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg. http:// factoidz.com/images/user/lyndonjohnsonsenateposter.jpg. Occupational/Educational Background: Attended the Southwest Texas State Teachers College

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Lyndon Baines Johnson

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  1. Lyndon Baines Johnson Democratic Party 1963-1969 President #36 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg

  2. http://factoidz.com/images/user/lyndonjohnsonsenateposter.jpghttp://factoidz.com/images/user/lyndonjohnsonsenateposter.jpg • Occupational/Educational Background: • Attended the Southwest Texas State Teachers College • Instructed at many schools in Texas • Elected as a Congressional Representative in 1937 • Elected U.S. Senator in 1948 • Elected Vice President of the U.S. in 1960 • Vice President: Hubert H. Humphrey (full term served) • Secretary of State: Dean Rusk (full term served) • States Admitted into Union: N/A

  3. Presidential Election of 1964 - Johnson won because he had been affiliated with Kennedy before the assassination giving him a large popular vote percentage. - Goldwater suffered from a lack of support from the rest of the Republicans due to his very conservative political views. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1964

  4. Lyndon Johnson becomes President upon Kennedy’s death (1963) • Description: • After Kennedy assassination in Dallas, Johnson was sworn in only two hours later aboard Air Force One by Sarah T. Hughes • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Only U.S. president to be sworn in by a woman • Passed Civil Rights Bill saying that its how we should honor Kennedy • Led our nation for another 6 years • Highest popular vote (61.1%) ever since http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson

  5. Beatles perform in the U.S. (1964) • Description: • Beatles came for the first time to the U.S. to play their music • Over 5,000,000 posters advertised their coming • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Changed attitude towards popular music in the U.S. • Became extremely well known • British Invasion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_in_the_United_States

  6. Economic Opportunity Act on War of Poverty (1964) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Opportunity_Act_of_1964 • Description: • Implemented Office of Equal Opportunity • Included several social programs to promote health, education, and general welfare • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Started Job Corps • Started Head Start • Many provisions have been revised but still in place

  7. Civil rights act (1964) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Lyndon_Johnson_signing_Civil_Rights_Act%2C_July_2%2C_1964.jpg www.history.com • Description: • Ended unequal voter reg. application requirements/racial segregation in schools, workplace, and public fascilities • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Congress asserted its authority to legislate under dist. Parts of the U.S. Constitution • Outlawed major forms of discrimination

  8. Amendment 24 is ratified (1964) http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/modern/jb_modern_polltax_1.html • Description: • Prohibited congress and states from conditioning the right to vote in fed. Elections on payment of poll tax or any other form of payment • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Made a poll tax clearly unconstitutional at a federal level

  9. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) http://historywarsweapons.com/wp-content/uploads/image/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Incident.JPG www.history.com • Description: • Joint resolution that authorized President to do whatever necessary to assist “any member of protocol state of SE Asia Collective defense Treaty” • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Gave president Johnson authorization to use military force in SE Asia (without formal decree by congress)

  10. Mississippi Freedom Summer (1964) • Description: • Organizations went to Mississippi to help get African Americans to vote and set up Freedom Schools ,etc. • Mass violence erupted due to segregation • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Helped everyone see the problem that we had to face that everyone put aside with the Jim Crow Laws • Made people change to work on racism and segregation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Summer

  11. Race riots occur in many northern cities (1964) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Philadelphia_race_riot • Description: • Race riots broke out in northern cities in response to civil rights movements • Mass violence • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Caused increase in awareness of movement and inequalities

  12. “Great Society” Domestic Program (1965) http://www.economicsjunkie.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/poverty-rate-historical1.png http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/2010/gresoc.htm • Description: • Set of domestic programs • Social reforms; elimination of poverty, and racial injustice • New major spending programs that addressed education, med. care, urban problems, and transportation. • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Resembles the New Deal but differed in some of the types of the programs suggested

  13. Malcolm X Assassination (1965) http://www.sfbayview.com/wp-content/uploads/malcolm-x-assassinated-escorted-by-nypd-022165-2.jpg • Descriptions: • Assassinated by rival by rival black Muslims while addressing his organization of Afro-American unity in Washington heights • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Many different and varying responses to his assassination • Remembered for his actions

  14. Civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama (Bloody Sunday) (1965) http://www.ia-pl.org/civil_rights/images/Bloody_Sunday1972.jpg http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSsunday.htm • Description: • First of the Selma marches to Montgomery • Marches met troops waiting for them • 17 people were hospitalized • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Martin Luther King Jr. began to organize second march right after the first one • Awakened the issues that needed to be fixed

  15. Anti-war protests begin (1965) http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/vietnam/antiwar.html • Description: • Consisted of a number of independent interests • Allied middle class, students, all races, and all cultural spheres • Protesting the war in Vietnam • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Peaked in 1968 and lasted throughout the entire war • Joined many classes together into ‘one people

  16. Voting Rights Act (1965) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voting_Rights_Act_-_first_page_(hi-res).jpg http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=100 • Description: • Outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for widespread disenfranchisement of blacks in the U.S. • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Established extensive federal oversight of the election administration in the U.S.

  17. Medicare Established (1965) http://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/lbjmedicare1.html • Description: • Social insurance program that provides health insurance coverage to people 65+ or that meet other specific characteristics • Overall Significance/Future Impact: • Operates similarly to a single-person health care system • Based many Medicare bills on it

  18. Escalation of war in South Vietnam (1965) • US Steps into war to prevent spread of communism • Escalation of war was Tet Offensive • Laos and Cambodia heavily bombed • Fought between US and her allies against Viet Kong • Viet Kong victorious because of guerilla warfare and the withdrawing of US troops. • Increased tensions between Communist and Democratic countries • Lots of opposition to war • Communist control of Indochina. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War

  19. Department of Housing and Urban Development Created (1965) • Developed with the Great Society program • mission is to create strong, sustainable, inclusive communities and quality affordable homes for all. • Designed to execute policies in cities and metropolises • Still remains today • Partially Criticized for Mortgage crisis • http://portal.hud.gov

  20. Stokely Carmichael calls for black power (1965) • Born in Trinidad, he became a black activist in the Civil Rights Movement. • Became leader of the Black Panther Party • Arrested for entering a white cafeteria • Started to distance himself from Black Panthers • Coined the term, “Black Power” • Helped minorities gain equal rights in the Civil Rights Movement • Formed the Black Panther Party • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael

  21. 1966-National Organization for Women Created • Founded by Betty Friedan, Pauli Murray, and Shirley Chisholm • Largest feminist organization in US • Purpose is to To take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men. • Currently includes half a million members • Current goals are abortion rights/reproductive issues, violence against women, constitutional equality, promoting diversity/ending racism, lesbian rights, and economic justice • Helped gain women rights in the 60s-present. • http://www.now.org/

  22. Black Panthers Founded (1966) • Founded by Huey P. Newton • African Revolutionary leftist party • Founded originally to protect blacks from police brutality • Uses Violent tactics against police • Dissolved in 1982 • Created a counter-culture during the time • Major internal threat to the US • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Party

  23. 1967- Racial Disturbances in Cities • Police raided an unlicensed bar in Detroit, resulted violence. • Massive riots in Newark and Detroit, resulting in millions in property damage. • Newark riots set off when police arrested a black cab-driver. • Both riots lasted for several days. • Riots in Newark made middle class leave city, resulting in a mainly poor population. • Created more tension between races. • Detroit fell into disrepair. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Detroit_riot • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Newark_riots

  24. Amendment 25 Ratified (1967) • Created order of succession if president was no longer able to hold office. • Described how vacancies would be filled if Vice President were to no longer be able to remain in office. • 47 states ratified amendment. • More definite order to the process of succession • http://www.doctorzebra.com/prez/a_amendment25.htm

  25. 1968- Siege of Khe Sanh • US Found out that Viet Kong were moving troops around Khe Sanh. • US forces barricaded themselves in the city, they were isolated. • Siege lasted 77 days. • Forces finally relieved by marines and army. • Escalating battle for Tet Offensive. • Marked only time US abandoned military base due to enemy pressure. • Deemed a victory. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khe_Sanh

  26. Tet Offensive (1968) • Series of surprise attacks by Viet Kong. • Vietnamese army 85,000 strong. • Attacked major cites and airports all at once. • Viet Kong managed to take many cities, but the US took them back eventually. • Considered a military failure. • Political and psychological victory for Viet Kong • Turning point of the war. • Led to the reunification of Vietnam. • http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1862.html

  27. My Lai Massacre (1968) • American troops killed around 300 unarmed civilians. • Ordered to charge in firing, killed men, women, and children. • Kept secret until 1969. • Troops already agitated before conflict because of casualties they endured. • Led to a military investigation. • Sent shockwaves through American public, anti-war sentiments grew. • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/trenches/my_lai.html

  28. Martin Luther King Assassinated (1968) • Martin Luther King shot during his speech. • Murderer was considered insane, his rifle was found near where he shot him. • Murderer arrested two months later. • MLK was leading a peaceful march with sanitation workers. • Resulted in the death of Robert Kennedy. • Violence in the Democratic National Convention. • Plunged country into violence. • http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Martin_Luther_King_Assassination

  29. Student Anti-War Protests Escalate (1968) • Students seize Columbia’s campus after they find out that the university has linked to supporters of Vietnam War, and the construction of a segregated gym. • Initially a peaceful protest, but turned violent after police arrested protesters.Students occupied main buildings until police forced them out. • 150 students injured. • Columbia stopped supporting war and stopped building the gym. • 30 students suspended. • Racial divisions strengthened. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University_protests_of_1968#Aftermath

  30. Robert Kennedy Murdered (1968) • Killed in the Ambassador Hotel. • Made many enemies in politics. • Just won the California Democratic Primary. • Still lots of mystery surrounding the murder. • Prompted protection by US secret service • http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Robert_Kennedy_Assassination

  31. Violence in Democratic National Convention (1968) • Police beat boy who lowered flag in a protest. • Protesters fought police during the incident, leading to a riot. • Large amounts of tear gas and mace were used against protesters. • Riot televised throughout country. • Yippies brought about conflict by the starting of a festival. • American majority supported mayors tactics with the police. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention#Protests_and_police_response

  32. Event during presidency #1 http://rhs1964.tripod.com/1964TheYear.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Alaska_earthquake • Alaskan Earthquake in Anchorage (1964) • Earthquake started at around 5:30 P.M. on a Friday (known as good Friday) across south-central Alaska • Caused ground fissures, buildings to collapse, and tsunamis • Killed 143 people. • Aftershocks lasted for about a year after first main one • Changed peoples lives to adapt to change of no home, etc

  33. Event during presidency #2 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/365355/Mariner • Mariner 4 was sent to photograph surface of Mars (1964): • First couple probes sent up failed and Mariner 4 was first to get accurate pictures of the surface of the unseen planet • Set standards for other probes to Mars such as Mariner 6, Mariner 7, and Mariner 9helped get a significant analysis of surface of Mars

  34. Praise For Lyndon B. Johnson • “A brilliant politician, a social reformist, and a hero of civil rights.” Adolfo Lopez Mateo • ``An aging warriors of the Great Society.`` Joseph Califano • http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-04-22/news/8501230930_1_johnson-aides-health-care-eve-party • http://www.nps.gov/cham/historyculture/lyndon-baines-johnson.htm

  35. Criticism of LBJ • “Much of the current budgetary and related debt crisis confronting the United States has its origin in Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs” Richard Ebeling • “President Johnson's phone conversations show him wheeling, dealing and cultivating the press.” Eric Foner • http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/08/books/review/08FONERL.html?pagewanted=all • http://blog.mises.org/15964/free-market-critique-of-lbjs-great-society/

  36. Positive/Negative contributions • Helped pass Civil Rights Bill • Made major advances in Vietnam War • Began the ‘War on Poverty’ • Education and health spending increased • Prevented war in Cyprus and the Congo • Increased employment • Helped pass Voting Rights Act in 1965 • http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ho-Jo/Johnson-Lyndon-B.html#b

  37. Brad Marx • Kyle Araujo • 2/8/12

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