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Health promotion of the school-aged child

Health promotion of the school-aged child. By Kelly Graham, Chelsea Moore, and Mattie Starks. Objectives. The objective of this presentation is to provide parents of school-age children with information on the following topics: Screenings and immunizations Nutrition Exercise Oral health

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Health promotion of the school-aged child

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  1. Health promotion of the school-aged child By Kelly Graham, Chelsea Moore, and Mattie Starks

  2. Objectives The objective of this presentation is to provide parents of school-age children with information on the following topics: • Screenings and immunizations • Nutrition • Exercise • Oral health • Mental health and bullying • Safety

  3. School-aged years • Middle childhood: 6-8 years of age • Late childhood: 8-12 years of age (Murray, Zentner, & Yakimo, 2009)

  4. Screenings • Complete history and physical • Lifestyle habits (diet, exercise, screen time, sleep, dental care, and safety) • Vision and hearing screenings • Developmental screening • Mental health screening (Riley, Locke, & Skye, 2011)

  5. Immunizations • Yearly flu vaccine • Recommended vaccines-ages 4 to 6: • DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) • IPV (polio) • MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) • Varicella (chickenpox) • Recommended vaccines-ages 11 and 12: • DTaP • Meningococcal • HPV2-for girls only or HPV4-for boys and girls (human papillomavirus; series of 3-doses) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014)

  6. Nutritional guidelines • Daily guidelines for girls • Ages 4-8: • Calories 1200-1800 • Protein 3-5 ounces • Vegetables 1.5-2.5 cups • Fruits1-1.5 cups • Grains 4-6 ounces • Dairy 2.5-3 cups (Mayo Clinic, 2014)

  7. Nutritional guidelines • Daily guidelines for girls • Ages 9-13: • Calories 1400-2200 • Protein 4-6 ounces • Vegetables 1.5-3 cups • Fruits 1.5-2 cups • Grains 5-7 ounces • Dairy 2.5-3 cups (Mayo Clinic, 2014)

  8. Nutritional guidelines • Daily guidelines for boys • Ages 4-8: • Calories 1200-2000 • Protein 3-5.5 ounces • Vegetables 1.5-2.5 cups • Fruits 1-2 cups • Grains 4-6 ounces • Dairy 2.5-3 cups (Mayo Clinic, 2014)

  9. Nutritional guidelines • Daily guidelines for boys • Ages 9-13: • Calories 1600-2600 • Protein 5-6.5 ounces • Vegetables 2-3.5 cups • Fruits 1.5-2 cups • Grains 5-9 ounces • Dairy 3 cups (Mayo Clinic, 2014)

  10. Physical activity • Lack of physical activity could lead to: • Heart disease • Obesity • High blood pressure • Diabetes • Recommended guidelines for children: • Sixty minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily (American Heart Association, 2013)

  11. Physical activity • Importance of exercise • Weight control • Raises “good” cholesterol (HDL) • Reduces risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease • Improved psychological well-being • How to promote exercise • Make exercise fun • Be a good role model • Limit screen time (American Heart Association, 2013)

  12. Oral health • Tips for maintaining good oral health in children: • Brush your child’s teeth at least twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste • Help your child floss once a day • Provide healthy meals and snacks • Take your child to the dentist for regular check-ups at least twice a year • Ask your dentist about sealants (Hirsch, 2012)

  13. Mental Health • The mental health problems that affect the school-aged child include: • ADHD • Anxiety disorder • Asperger syndrome • Attachment disorder • Bipolar disorder • Depression • Eating disorders • Oppositional Defiant Disorder • Substance abuse • Trauma (Collaborative Solutions Network, 2014)

  14. Bullying • Unwanted or aggressive behavior that involves real or perceived power imbalance • Bullies and kids being bullied can have serious and lasting problems, such as depression or suicidal thoughts • Types of bullying • Verbal • Social • Physical (stopbullying.gov, n.d.)

  15. Bullying • Who is at risk • Gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender • Kids with disabilities • Socially isolated • Warning signs • Unexplained injury • Personal property lost or damaged • Faking illnesses • Effects of bullying • Mental health issues • Decrease in academic performance • Health complaints (stopbullying.gov, n.d.)

  16. Bullying • How to prevent bullying • Help your kids understand what bullying is • Talk to your kids openly about bullying • Encourage your kids to stay active in activities they enjoy • Be a good role model for your kids and treat others with respect and kindness (stopbullying.gov, n.d.)

  17. Bullying • Responding to the bullying • Respond quickly and consistently to bullying behavior • Find out what happened by getting the facts and determining if it’s bullying • Support the child who was bullied • Address the child who bullied • Talk to the kids who witnessed the bullying (stopbullying.gov, n.d.)

  18. Safety • Ensure proper restraints in the car • Water safety • Fire safety • Poisoning • Gun safety • Internet safety • Recreational safety • Stranger danger (Boyse, 2009)

  19. References • American Heart Association (2013). The AHA's recommendations for physical activity in children. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/HealthierKids/ActivitiesforKids/The-AHAs-Recommendations-for-Physical-Activity-in-Children_UCM_304053_Article.jsp • Boyse, K. (2009). Children and Safety: General Information. Retrieved from http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/genlsafe.htm • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Recommended immunization schedules for persons Aged 0 through 18 years: United States, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html • Collaborative Network Solutions (2014). Middle Childhood (6-12 years). Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealthconnect.org/professionals/strategies/middle-school/

  20. References • Hirsch, K.H. (2012). Taking care of your teeth. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/body/teeth_care.html# • Mayo Clinic Staff (2014). Nutrition for kids: Guidelines for a healthy diet. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/childrens-health/in-depth/nutrition-for-kids/art-20049335?pg=1 • Murray, RB., Zentner, J.P., & Yakimo, R. (2009). Health promotion strategies through the life span (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. • Riley, M., Locke, A.B., & Skye, E.P. (2011). Health maintenance in school-aged children: Part I. History, physical examination, screening, and immunizations. American Family Physician, 83(6), 683-688. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0315/p683.html

  21. References • stopbullying.gov (n.d.). Prevent bullying. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/index.html • Stopbullying.gov (n.d.). Respond to bullying. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/respond/support-kids-involved/index.html • stopbullying.gov (n.d.). What is bullying. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/roles-kids-play/index.html • stopbullying.gov (n.d.). Who is at risk. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html

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