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World War I & the 1920s

World War I & the 1920s. 1920s Consumer Culture. 1919 Consumer debt of $2.6 billion rose to $7.1 billion in 1929 Consumer Durables Revolution Automobile Craze: Ford Model T. Chain stores and fast food restaurants New housecleaning technology. Ford Model T Assembly.

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World War I & the 1920s

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  1. World War I & the 1920s

  2. 1920s Consumer Culture • 1919 Consumer debt of $2.6 billion rose to $7.1 billion in 1929 • Consumer Durables Revolution • Automobile Craze: Ford Model T. • Chain stores and fast food restaurants • New housecleaning technology Ford Model T Assembly

  3. Popular 1920s Consumer Durables

  4. Driving Around New York City, 1928

  5. The “New Woman” • Changes in fashion and hair • The Flapper rejected the “Angel of the Household” of the 19th century • Dating became more casual

  6. Margaret Sanger & the Birth Control Movement • Founder of the American Birth Control League • Opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S. in Brooklyn, 1916

  7. Enforcing Morality & Nativism Through Prohibition • 1840s: Start of Temperance groups • 1870s & 1880s: Anti-Saloon Leagues appear across the U.S. • 1920: 18th Amendment made it illegal to manufacture and sell alcohol (but not to buy alcohol)

  8. Billy Sunday “The reign of tears is over. The slums will soon be only a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and corncribs. Men will walk upright now. Women will smile and children will laugh.”

  9. Results of Prohibition • Speakeasies opened &wealthy Americans ignored the law • Rise in organized crime • Career advancement for women who supported Prohibition Prohibition raid, 1928

  10. 1920s Racism & Nativism • 1915: D.W. Griffin, The Birth of A Nation • Motto of “100% Americanism” and Family Values • New Marketing attracted members • 1923: 5 million members • 1925: Decline of KKK amid Rape Scandal of Indiana’s Grand Wizard

  11. Legal Nativism • 1921 Immigration Quota Law: “3% of each nationality group already in the U.S. allowed per year; ceiling of 357,803 immigrants per year; no more than 20% of a group’s quota allowed per month”

  12. 1924 National Origins Act • 2% per year of each group based upon 1890 Census • Targeted Asians, Eastern and Southern Europeans • President Calvin Coolidge signed Act while saying “America must be kept American” • Immigration policy lasted until 1965

  13. Mexican Immigration • 1920s = California’s Mexican American population of 90,000 grew to 360,000 • By 1930 = 2 million Mexican immigrants in U.S. • 1929 = Congress made illegal entry to U.S. a criminal offense

  14. Eugenics • The control of reproduction including forced sterilization in order to create a “superior race”

  15. Oregon & other states sterilized “feeble minded girls” • Buck v. Bell (1927): Supreme Court upheld legality of Eugenics

  16. Harlem Renaissance Artistic Movement in Harlem, New York: music, painting, writing

  17. Zora Neale Hurston Aaron Douglas

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