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Explore the diverse wildlife of Bulgaria, including the fascinating brown bear, majestic imperial eagle, and agile marten. Discover their characteristics, habitats, and their protected status in the country.
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Wild animals in Bulgaria PGVM Stara Zagora APE
Brown bear • The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is an animal of the bear family. It is the biggest predator in Bulgaria.
Occurence • They live in Bulgaria and Europe, in West and Central Asia up to the Himalayasand in North America.
Characteristics • It lives alone, rarely in a couple.It has a good-natured appearance, but it is unpredictable –it can became furious very quickly. An adult weighs from 100 to 350кg and it is 1,50 - 2,50 м long.
Way of life and feeding • Brown bears live in the woods. Although they look clumsy,on short distances they can run at a speed of 45 kph.
They eat roots, acorns and fresh blades of grass. They love wild strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, wild apples, plums, pears, melons and ants.
In the summer brown bears spend a lot of time feeding as they need 14 kg of food a day. The bidder part of the winter they spend sleeping in their dens. They live on the fats, gained in the summer but if they become hungry, they go out.
The brown bear is one of the symbols of Russia.In Bulgaria bears are under protection and their number is rising quickly. • If the food is not enough, bears kill smaller animals.
Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) • This is one of the greatest birds, hunting during the day. Its outspread wingsare 205 см. It is the second biggest among eagles. It is characterized by light head and bright white shoulders. Young birdshave dark wings and shoulders.
They change their colors when they are four years old. Imperial eagles live in the lowlands and up to 1000m high mountains. They thoroughly reign open spaces, covered with grass near the forests in the foothills.
In these places they can find their regular prey – ground squirrel. Eagles sometimes attack quails.They build their nests on the single trees. So that they can watch the nearest meadows without leaving their homes.
They have enormous nests – about 120-180 см in diameter. There from 1 to 3 little birds are brought during 65-77 days.
Near the National park you can find 2 inhabited nests. Imperial eagles are written in the World Red Book. • They are protected from the law about biological diversity.
Reserves inBulgaria • 9 natural reserves – Boatin,Tzarichina, Goat Wall, Steneto, North Dzendem, Singing rocks, Sokolna, Dzendema and Stara reka(Old river) occupy one third of its territory. 4 of them - Boatin,Tzarichina, Stenetoand Dzendema are part of the World Net biosphere reserves, connected with the program “The person and Biosphere”of UNESCO.
List of protected territories by UN • The National park and 8 of its reserves are in the list of protected territories by UN. It is included in the list of ornithologically important areas of BirdLife International and it is a part of EU programme CORINE Biotopes.
Marten (Martes) The marten is a typical forest animal. It inhabits old coniferous and mixed forests with hollow trees. Its fur is brown. On the chest and on its chin it has light spot.
It has long tail. It makes its dens in the hollow of the trees, under the stones, rock holes, etc. It is active during the night. It climbs well.
The food is varied – mice, rodents, birds, lizards, frogs, insects, and in winter – even squirrels. It leads a nomadic life.They are protected from the law about biological diversity .
This project is made by: Christian Marinov andChristina Harachereva from 8 a gradePGVM “Ivan P.Pavlov” SchoolStara Zagora City
