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European Conservatism

European Conservatism. AP European History Unit 3/Ch. 21. The Dual Revolution. FR = Politics, IR = Economics/Social Growth of industrial middle class Revitalized conservatism Ideologies of change  liberalism, socialism, nationalism. The Peace Settlement: Congress of Vienna.

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European Conservatism

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  1. European Conservatism AP European History Unit 3/Ch. 21

  2. The Dual Revolution • FR = Politics, IR = Economics/Social • Growth of industrial middle class • Revitalized conservatism • Ideologies of change  liberalism, socialism, nationalism

  3. The Peace Settlement: Congress of Vienna • Quadruple Alliance: BR, PR, AUS, RS • Congress of Vienna, 1814 w/ Prince Klemens von Metternich • Bourbon monarchy restored principle of legitimacy

  4. Balance of Power • International equilibrium of political & military forces • Defensive buffers around France • New league of German states  German Confederation • Concert of Europe – regular meetings of QA

  5. Ideology of Conservatism • Originated by Edmund Burke, championed by Metternich • Obedience to political authority • Organized religion crucial to social order • Community needs > individual rights • Tradition best guide for order • Supported by: monarchs, gov’t bureaucracies, nobility, churches

  6. Principle of Intervention • Right to intervene in states threatened by revolution & to restore legit monarchs • Holy Alliance  AUS, PR, RUS • Crushed attempted revolutions in Spain & Italy (1820) • Revolutions in Latin America (1818-1838) • Greek Revolt (1821)

  7. Great Britain • 1815 - Nobility dominated parliament • Whigs & Tories • Corn Laws of 1815  economic strife, political discontent • Peterloo Massacre, 1819

  8. Restoration in France • Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824) restored to throne in 1814/1815 • Opposed by liberals & ultraroyalists • Charles X (r. 1824-1830) more conservative • Eventually accepted ministerial responsibility

  9. Intervention in the Italian States & Spain • Congress of Vienna established 9 states in Italy • Carbonari • Ferdinand VIII restored as king of Spain in 1814 • Broken promises, persecuted parliament  revolt!

  10. Repression in Central Europe • Metternich “chief Minister of Police in Europe” • Burschenschaften • Karlsbad Decrees (1819) • Austria  empire w/ 11 ethnicities

  11. Russia: Autocracy of the Tsars • Rural population, autocratic ruler: Alexander I • Reactionary after 1815 • Northern Union  secret society • Decembrist Revolt 1825 • Revolt transformed Nicolaus I (r. 1825-1855) into a reactionary

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