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The revolutions of 1848

The revolutions of 1848. The Austrian Empire. The Demands of The Revolutionary Forces. Following the upheaval in France, liberals in the Austrian empire demanded: Written Constitutions Representative Government Greater Civil Liberties . Opposing Social and Political Forces.

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The revolutions of 1848

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  1. The revolutions of 1848 The Austrian Empire

  2. The Demands of The Revolutionary Forces Following the upheaval in France, liberals in the Austrian empire demanded: • Written Constitutions • Representative Government • Greater Civil Liberties

  3. Opposing Social and Political Forces • Popular Revolutionary Coalition: • Urban-workers • Students • Middle-class liberals • Peasants • Traditional Forces: • The monarchy • The aristocracy • The regular army

  4. Hungary • The revolution in the Austrian Empire began in Hungary. • Nationalistic Hungarians demanded national autonomy, full civil liberties, and universal suffrage. • Hungarian leaders wanted to transform the mosaic of provinces and peoples that was the Kingdom of Hungary into a unified, centralized, Hungarian nation.

  5. Why The Revolution Failed? • The conservative aristocratic forces gathered around Emperor Ferdinand I regained their nerve and reasserted their great strength. • Minority groups in Hungary, who formed half of the population- the Croats, Serbs and Romanians- were against Hungarian aspirations for a unified Hungarian nation. • Czech nationalists based in Bohemia and in Prague, came into conflict with German nationalists. • After the monarchy abolished serfdom, newly free men and women lost interest in political and social matters. • When artisan workers and urban poor rose in arms and presented demands for social workshops and universal voting rights, the prosperous middle-class recoiled in alarm.

  6. Further Political Developments • Archduchess Sophia married emperor’s brother, and immediately insisted that Ferdinand abdicated the throne in favor of her own son, due to the collapse of the Empire before “a mess of students”. • Powerful nobles, the army and the church gathered around Sophia in a secret conspiracy to reverse and crush the revolution. • Working-class revolts were crushed in Prague and in other cities. • Austrian officials and nobles began to lead the minority nationalities of Hungary against the revolutionary government of the Hungarian patriots. • The regular Austrian army attacked the student and working-class radicals in Vienna and retook the city. • Francis Joseph, Sophia’s son, was crowned emperor.

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