1 / 86

Why Is Syphilis Important?

Why Is Syphilis Important?. http://. Tammy Foskey, MA Manager, STD/HIV Public Health Follow-Up Team tammy.foskey@dshs.state.tx.us (512) 533-3020. Syphilis Is:. A Bacterial Infection that can be chronic and systemic Infectious During Specific Time Frames related to Stage

athena-boyd
Download Presentation

Why Is Syphilis Important?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Why Is Syphilis Important? http:// Tammy Foskey, MA Manager, STD/HIV Public Health Follow-Up Team tammy.foskey@dshs.state.tx.us (512) 533-3020

  2. Syphilis Is: • A Bacterial Infection that can be chronic and systemic • Infectious During Specific Time Frames related to Stage • Sexually Transmitted (oral, vaginal, anal) • Curable

  3. Many persons (including physicians) are unaware that we are currently seeing an increase in the number of syphilis infections • Syphilis can increase the risk for transmission of HIV (if co-infected) by 3-5x • Having HIV can make someone more susceptible to an infection with syphilis, if exposed • Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected persons with new syphilis infections

  4. Syphilis Syphilis is sometimes called: • “bad blood”, • pox, or • a “zipper cut”

  5. Epidemiology of Syphilis • In the 1940s: Syphilis was distributed widely throughout the U.S. • 1986-90: 85% increase in the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis –Why? • After 1990, reported cases of syphilis decreased approximately 15% per year to an all-time low in 2000

  6. Epidemiology of Syphilis (continued) • Late 1990s: syphilis elimination a feasible goal • Rates remain high in: • Some urban areas throughout the U.S.; • Rural areas in the South; • Some minority populations who suffer from poverty, lack of access to health care, and breakdown of stable community and personal relationships. • Recent outbreaks have been associated in men who have sex with men (MSM)

  7. Syphilis – Treponema pallidum

  8. Syphilis – Treponema pallidum on darkfield examination

  9. How is Syphilis Transmitted? • Sexual contact with infectious lesion • In utero and intrapartum • Sharing needles (extremely rare)

  10. So what Does Syphilis Look Like?

  11. Syphilis has Several Stageswith different signs/symptoms Incubation Stage 10 - 90 Days Average 21 Days Not infectious to others during this stage No signs/symptoms are present Blood tests are negative

  12. Common Symptoms of SyphilisPrimary Stage • Occurs in males and females • A painless sore called a chancre develops where the spirochete entered the body • The sore may be located on the genitals, lips, anus, or other area of direct contact • The chancre will last 1-5 weeks (on average 3 weeks) and heal without treatment • The person can transmit the infection very easily during this stage

  13. Clinical Manifestations-Primary Syphilis • Chancre • Clean based, painless, indurated ulcer with smooth firm borders • Unnoticed in 15-30% of patients often because of the location and because it is painless • Resolves in 1-5 weeks • HIGHLY INFECTIOUS Blood tests may not show infection for up to 7 days after the chancre develops

  14. Primary syphilis-chancre

  15. Primary Syphilis- chancre Source: Florida STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

  16. Primary syphilis - chancre

  17. Primary syphilis - chancre

  18. Primary syphilis – chancre of anus

  19. Primary syphilis - chancre

  20. Syphilis Early Latency Stage • Lasts 0 - 10 weeks (average 4 weeks) • No symptoms are present, not infectious • Happens between primary and secondary stages • 2/3 of persons will have some period of latency between primary and secondary stages • Blood tests are positive • VDRL or RPR • TPPA or FTA-ABS

  21. Common Symptoms of SyphilisSecondary Stage • May include skin rashes, fever, swollen lymph glands, headache, hair loss, and muscle ache • The skin rash may be on the palms of hands, bottoms of the feet, or any part of the body • The rash may last 2-6 weeks (average of 4 weeks); it will heal without treatment • The person may be infectious (C. Lata and/or Mucous Patches)

  22. Secondary Syphilis • Diagnosed by • Symptoms • RPR or VDRL • FTA-ABS or TPPA • Darkfield examination (of C. lata)

  23. Secondary Syphilis: Papulosquamous Body Rash Source: CDC/ NCHSTP/ Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

  24. Secondary Syphilis: Generalized Body Rash Source: CDC/NCHSTP/Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

  25. Secondary syphilis

  26. Secondary Syphilis: Rash Source: Cincinnati STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

  27. Secondary syphilis

  28. Secondary Syphilis: Palmar Rash Source: CDC/ NCHSTP/ Division of STD Prevention, STD Clinical Slides

  29. Secondary Syphilis: Plantar Rash Source: Florida STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

  30. Secondary Syphilis Source: Florida STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

  31. Secondary Syphilis:Condylomata Lata Source: Florida STD/HIV Prevention Training Center

  32. Secondary Syphilis: Mucous Patches

  33. Secondary syphilis: alopecia

  34. Secondary syphilis: papulo-pustular rash

  35. Primary and Secondary Syphilis Disease Process Date of inoculation Incubation 10-90 days Avg: 21 days Primary Syphilis Lasts 1 – 5 weeks Average: 3 weeks Early Latency 0 – 10 weeks Avg: 4 weeks Secondary Syphilis: Lasts 2-6 weeks Average: 4 weeks Most will have a period of latency between primary and secondary. If not, overlap could be 2-3 days

  36. Neuro-Syphilis • Can occur any time after initial infection • May occur more commonly early in the course of infection (secondary or latent) when someone is co-infected with HIV • Associated with neurologic symptoms including: • Vision changes or eye pain • Hearing loss • Headaches/dizziness • Generalized weakness • Seizures • Confusion • Changes in personality or affect

  37. Neurosyphilis: spirochetes in neural tissue

  38. Congenital Syphilis • Syphilis that is transmitted during pregnancy (or at time of delivery) • Often the mother has received no or inadequate prenatal care

  39. Syphilis in Pregnancy can Cause: • Preterm delivery • Stillbirth • Congenital infections • Neonatal death

More Related