1 / 31

A Brief History of Psychology

A Brief History of Psychology. Using Alternative approaches and views to get to the heart of psychology. Psychology. Scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research. Goals of Psychology. Goals of Psychology. Description Explanation Prediction Influence.

atira
Download Presentation

A Brief History of Psychology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. A Brief History of Psychology • Using Alternative approaches and views to get to the heart of psychology

  2. Psychology • Scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research

  3. Goals of Psychology

  4. Goals of Psychology • Description • Explanation • Prediction • Influence

  5. Applied or Basic Science • Basic Science is research for the sake of research. Includes the first three goals (description, explanation, and prediction) • Applied Science uses psychological research to solve immediate problems in the real world. This is the last goal influence!

  6. Phrenology • The practice of examining bumps on a person’s skull to determine that person’s intellect and character traits – discredited as non-scientific.

  7. Greek thought • Believed that the heart was more important than the mind. – but began the thought that people were not dominated by gods but were rational.

  8. Dualism • Seventeenth century philosophers concept that the mind and body are separate and distinct. – Rene Descartes disagreed – said a link existed between the mind and the body.

  9. Historical Approaches • Structuralism • Functionalism • Inheritable Traits • Gestalt Psychology

  10. Structuralism • Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) • Structuralist study the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences. • Attempted to map thought processes from observed behavior

  11. Structuralism

  12. Functionalism • William James (1842-1910) – father of psychology in the U.S. • Study the function of consciousness. • Believed all we think and do is to help us survive.

  13. Functionalism

  14. Inheritable Traits • Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) – personality tests • Studied how heredity affects behavior. • Believed the richest were the most intelligent – what did he forget?

  15. Gestalt Psychology • Group of German psychologists who felt that perception is more than the sum of its parts • Studied how sensation is assembled into perceptual experiences.

  16. Gestalt Psychology

  17. Gestalt Psychology

  18. Gestalt Psychology

  19. Contemporary Approaches • Psychoanalytic Psychology • Behavioral Psychology • Humanistic Psychology • Cognitive Psychology • Biological Psychology • Sociocultural Psychology

  20. Psychoanalytic • Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) • Unconscious determinants of behavior • Used free association, and dream analysis to discover unconscious determinants

  21. Psychoanalytic theory

  22. Behavioral • Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) • Events in the environment (rewards and punishments) influence our behavior. • Pavlov’s dog

  23. Behavioral

  24. Behavioral (Continued) • John B. Watson (1878-1958) • Concerned with observable behavior only • Even instincts is result of conditioning by environment

  25. Behavioral (Continued) • B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) • Introduced the concept of reinforcement • Wanted to apply lab concepts to the world • Wrote “Walden Two”

  26. Behavioral

  27. Humanistic • Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers (1960’s) • Individual or self-directed choices influence our behavior, not outside reinforcement. (Self-actualization)

  28. Humanistic

  29. Cognitive • Jean Piaget (1950’s) • Behavior is more than a response to a stimulus, it is influenced by a variety of mental processes, including perceptions, memories, and expectations.

  30. Biological • Psychobiologists (1990’s) • study how the brian, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence our behavior • Do genes affect your intelligence and your personality?

  31. Sociocultural • Leonard Doob (1990’s) • Ethnicity, gender, culture and socioeconomic status influence our behavior • How do people of different genders and ethnicities interact with one another?

More Related