INB 39 9/25/13

1. INB 39 9/25/13 • What is the difference between a meteoroid , meteor, meteorite? • Draw a picture of the Milky Way galaxy. Be sure to include the position and the name of the arm. • Draw the Earth rotating on its axis. What is the angle of degree that the Earth is tilted? • The rotation of a planet determines the _____ and ________.

2. 1st Science Benchmark Fall 2013

3. Which of the following lists Earth, Jupiter, the Moon, and the Sun in order from largest to smallest? A. Jupiter, Earth, Sun, Moon B. Sun, Jupiter, Earth, Moon C. Sun, Jupiter, Moon, Earth D. Jupiter, Sun, Earth, Moon

4. How would the measurable properties of a golf ball change if it were moved from Earth to the Moon? A. It would have the same mass, but a different weight. B. It would have the same weight, but a different mass. C. It would have the same density, but a different mass. D. It would have the same mass, but a different density.

5. Venus has the highest surface temperature of all the planets in our solar system. Which is the best explanation for this? A. Venus rotates on its axis very slowly. B. Venus is very close to the Sun. C. Venus revolves around the Sun relatively quickly. D. Venus's atmosphere has thick clouds and carbon dioxide.

6. Which is know as a shooting star? A. meteorite B. meteor C. comet D. asteroid

7. The reason that a student does not feel the gravitational pull of the Sun is because A. the Sun has no gravitational pull. B. the mass of the Sun is very small. C. the Sun is very far away. D. Earth is so much smaller than the Sun.

8. Which planet do scientists think once had surface water or flowing rivers? A. Mercury B. Venus C. Mars D. Jupiter

9. Why does the Moon orbit Earth instead of the Sun? A. Gravity depends on distance and the Moon is closer to Earth. B. Only large objects orbit around the Sun and the Moon is too small. C. The Moon used to be part of Earth so it must orbit Earth. D. The Moon is moving too fast and cannot change its orbit.

10. Earth is made of solid materials. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are all made of gas. Which is true about the density of these planets? A. They are more dense than Earth. B. They have no density. C. They are less dense than Earth. D. They have the same density as Earth.

11. Which statement best explains why there is no atmosphere on the Moon? A. The temperature of the Moon varies too much to develop an atmosphere. B. The Moon does not have enough gravity to hold an atmosphere. C. The Moon revolves too quickly to keep an atmosphere. D. The density of the Moon is too great to allow an atmosphere.

12. The Moon appears to change shape because A. the Moon rotates. B. Earth rotates. C. Earth revolves around the Sun. D. the Moon revolves around Earth.

13. Which picture demonstrates rotation?

14. A planet has twice the mass of Earth and the same radius as Earth. If you were standing on this planet, the force of gravity would be A. twice that on Earth. B. half that on Earth. C. the same as on Earth. D. four times greater than Earth's.

15. Which is made primarily of pieces of rock and ice, are referred to as dirty snowballs, and do not normally enter Earth's atmosphere? A. asteroidB. meteoroidC. meteoriteD. comet

16. Look at the diagram below of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth. Which phase of the Moon would be seen by people on Earth? A. full moon B. new moon C. waxing gibbous D. waning gibbous

17. You observe the moon one night at midnight while camping, as seen in the image. Predict the location of the Moon in the diagram based on this observed moon phase. A. A B. B C. C D. D

18. Where are meteorites found? A. Rock that is found in the atmosphere. B. Ice that melts in the atmosphereC. Rock that land on the Earth’s crustD. Rock that travels through space

19. Which scientific theory placed Earth at the center of the universe? a. heliocentric b. circumcentric c. geocentric d. egocentric

20. Which scientific theory placed Earth at the center of the universe? a. heliocentric b. circumcentric c. geocentric d. egocentric

21. Which scientific theory placed the Sun at the center of the universe? a. heliocentric b. circumcentric c. geocentric d. egocentric

22. Which scientific theory placed the Sun at the center of the universe? a. heliocentric b. circumcentric c. geocentric d. egocentric

23. According to the Big Bang Theory, from what did the universe originate? a. a single point where all matter and energy were concentrated b. a complex system of galaxies that revolve around the Sun c. a limitless black hole without any matter or energy d. an ever-expanding massive sphere of matter and energy

24. According to the Big Bang Theory, from what did the universe originate? a. a single point where all matter and energy were concentrated b. a complex system of galaxies that revolve around the Sun c. a limitless black hole without any matter or energy d. an ever-expanding massive sphere of matter and energy

25. Scientists on Earth have no photographs of the Milky Way taken from outside the galaxy. Which best tells why? a. The Milky Way is the farthest galaxy from Earth. b. No spacecraft from Earth has ever flown outside the Milky Way galaxy. c. A series of dark dust clouds obscure our view of the Milky Way galaxy. d. Bright lights from major cities on Earth make it impossible to photograph the Milky Way from the outside.

26. Scientists on Earth have no photographs of the Milky Way taken from outside the galaxy. Which best tells why? a. The Milky Way is the farthest galaxy from Earth. b. No spacecraft from Earth has ever flown outside the Milky Way galaxy. c. A series of dark dust clouds obscure our view of the Milky Way galaxy. d. Bright lights from major cities on Earth make it impossible to photograph the Milky Way from the outside.

27. Which fact has helped scientists conclude that the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, not an elliptical galaxy? a. The Milky Way galaxy has curved arms. b. The Milky Way galaxy does not show any rotation. c. All the stars in the Milky Way are about the same age. d. Research shows that the shape of a galaxy is the same as the shape of the planets that it contains.

28. Which fact has helped scientists conclude that the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, not an elliptical galaxy? a. The Milky Way galaxy has curved arms. b. The Milky Way galaxy does not show any rotation. c. All the stars in the Milky Way are about the same age. d. Research shows that the shape of a galaxy is the same as the shape of the planets that it contains.

29. The Sun is located about 26,000 light-years from center of the milky way galaxy in a spiral are called _________________. • For the sentence in the box, which belongs in the blank? a. Perseus b. Orion c. Sagittarius d. Centaurus

30. The Sun is located about 26,000 light-years from center of the milky way galaxy in a spiral are called _________________. • For the sentence in the box, which belongs in the blank? a. Perseus b. Orion c. Sagittarius d. Centaurus

31. Which of the following diagrams best represents the relationship between galaxies, the universe, and solar system? a. b. universe galaxies galaxies universe solar system solar system universe c. solar system d. solar system universe galaxies galaxies

32. Which of the following diagrams best represents the relationship between galaxies, the universe, and solar system? a. b. universe galaxies galaxies universe solar system solar system universe c. solar system d. solar system universe galaxies galaxies

33. A student constructed an accurate scale model of the solar system. In the model, the Sun was a basketball, Jupiter was a large marble, Neptune was a small marble, and Venus was a grain of sand. In that model, which would most accurately represent the size of Earth? a. A tennis ball b. A golf ball c. A large marble d. A grain of sand

34. A student constructed an accurate scale model of the solar system. In the model, the Sun was a basketball, Jupiter was a large marble, Neptune was a small marble, and Venus was a grain of sand. In that model, which would most accurately represent the size of Earth? a. A tennis ball b. A golf ball c. A large marble d. A grain of sand

35. Earth is very different from other planets. This is because Earth has the most _______________. • Which best fits the blank? a. molten rock b. active volcanoes c. liquid water d. orbiting water

36. Earth is very different from other planets. This is because Earth has the most _______________. • Which best fits the blank? a. molten rock b. active volcanoes c. liquid water d. orbiting water

37. The temperature at the surface of Mercury ranges from 465ºC in sunlight to -180ºC in darkness. Which best explains this extreme range of surface temperatures? a. Mercury is about 1/3 the size of Earth. b. Mercury is heated on only one side. c. Mercury has no moons. d. Mercury has very little atmosphere.

38. The temperature at the surface of Mercury ranges from 465ºC in sunlight to -180ºC in darkness. Which best explains this extreme range of surface temperatures? a. Mercury is about 1/3 the size of Earth. b. Mercury is heated on only one side. c. Mercury has no moons. d. Mercury has very little atmosphere.

39. To what is the length of a planet’s day MOST CLOSELY related? a. The period of rotation b. The distance from the Sun c. The period of revolution d. The relative mass

40. To what is the length of a planet’s day MOST CLOSELY related? a. The period of rotation b. The distance from the Sun c. The period of revolution d. The relative mass

41. The Moon orbits Earth at an approximate speed of 1km/sec. Which keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth? a. gravity b. lunar phases c. magnetism d. ocean tides

42. The Moon orbits Earth at an approximate speed of 1km/sec. Which keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth? a. gravity b. lunar phases c. magnetism d. ocean tides

43. Planet X has the same radius as Earth, but twice the mass. Based on that information, which compares Planet X to Earth? a. Planet X is twice the distance from the Sun. b. Planet X has twice as much gravity. c. Planet X has twice the diameter. d. Planet X rotates at twice the speed.

44. Planet X has the same radius as Earth, but twice the mass. Based on that information, which compares Planet X to Earth? a. Planet X is twice the distance from the Sun. b. Planet X has twice as much gravity. c. Planet X has twice the diameter. d. Planet X rotates at twice the speed.

45. On Earth, the pull of gravity is MOST affected by what? a. the magnetic field of Earth b. the mass of Earth c. the rotation of Earth d. the atmosphere of Earth

46. On Earth, the pull of gravity is MOST affected by what? a. the magnetic field of Earth b. the mass of Earth c. the rotation of Earth d. the atmosphere of Earth

47. Which tells why people on Earth cannot feel the gravitational pull of the Sun? a. The Sun is very far away from Earth. b. Most of the Sun’s mass is in a gaseous state. c. Earth is much smaller than the Sun. d. The Sun rotates, but does not revolve.

48. Which tells why people on Earth cannot feel the gravitational pull of the Sun? a. The Sun is very far away from Earth. b. Most of the Sun’s mass is in a gaseous state. c. Earth is much smaller than the Sun. d. The Sun rotates, but does not revolve.

49. Which tells why people on Earth cannot feel the gravitational pull of the Sun? a. The Sun is very far away from Earth. b. Most of the Sun’s mass is in a gaseous state. c. Earth is much smaller than the Sun. d. The Sun rotates, but does not revolve.

50. Which tells why people on Earth cannot feel the gravitational pull of the Sun? a. The Sun is very far away from Earth. b. Most of the Sun’s mass is in a gaseous state. c. Earth is much smaller than the Sun. d. The Sun rotates, but does not revolve.