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Prevention of Vector Borne Disease

Prevention of Vector Borne Disease. A few facts and figures. Malaria is the most deadly vector borne disease – killing 1.2 million people a year Dengue Fever ( incl DHF) is the worlds fastest growing vector borne disease American Trypsanomiasis affects approx 11 million people.

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Prevention of Vector Borne Disease

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  1. Prevention of Vector Borne Disease

  2. A few facts and figures • Malaria is the most deadly vector borne disease – killing 1.2 million people a year • Dengue Fever (incl DHF) is the worlds fastest growing vector borne disease • American Trypsanomiasis affects approx 11 million people

  3. Contributing Factors • Poorly designed irrigation and water systems • Inadequate housing • Poor waste disposal and water storage • Deforestation and loss of biodiversity

  4. Integrated Vector Management • Aim: • To achieve the greatest disease control benefit • In most cost effective manner, • While minimising negative impacts on ecosystems • Avoiding adverse side effects on public health from the excessive use of chemicals in vector control • IVM stresses importance of understanding local vector ecology and local patterns of disease transmission to choose appropriate control methods http://www.who.int/heli/risks/vectors/vector/en/index.html

  5. Environmental Modification • Better dam, water and irrigation infrastructure • Pros • Long term solution • Cons • Expensive!

  6. Environmental Manipulation • Removal of aquatic weeds and riverside vegetation – decreasing shade over breeding grounds • Improved drainage of stagnant water • Alternating cycles of wet farming and dry farming • Pros • Cheap • Easy to implement • Cons • Shorter term solution

  7. Reduce Human Vector Contacts • Strategic placement of communities and housing • Use of window screening • Insecticide treated mosquito nets – very effective!

  8. Biological-Based Agents • Bacterial larvicides and larvivorous fish • Target and kill vector larvae without ecological impact of chemicals • But requires substantial community awareness and involvement

  9. Chemical Control Methods • Used when other methods are ineffective or not cost effective • Measures include indoor residual sprays or space spraying • Important in areas of intense disease transmission • BUT potential for insecticide resistant mosquitos!

  10. Other big issues with vector borne disease • Urbanisation – especially in communities lacking basic health services • Climate change – mossies reproduce quicker and bite more frequently at higher temperatures • Expansion of international travel – risk of epidemic (depends on vector density)

  11. References • WHO, Vector Borne Disease, http://www.who.int/heli/risks/vectors/vector/en/index.html • WHO, Malaria Control http://www.who.int/heli/risks/vectors/malariacontrol/en/index2.html • WHO, Dengue Control http://www.who.int/heli/risks/vectors/denguecontrol/en/index.html

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