the Crisis of the Union 1850-1860

1. the Crisisof the Union1850-1860

2. ushc 3.1 Evaluate the relative importance of political events and issues that divided the nation and led to civil war, including the compromises reached to maintain the balance of free and slave states, the abolitionist movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on states’ rights and federal authority, the emergence of the Republican Party, and the formation of the Confederate States of America.

3. The Compromise of 1850 Admit Californiaas aFreeState For the North: For the South: The New Mexico Territory: Slavery in Washington, DC: STRONGERFugitive Slave Law PopularSovereigntyin Mexican Cession Texassells land / Federal Gov. assumes debt AbolishSlaveTradein Washington, D.C.

4. Crisis Averted… …for now. 1850 1860

5. The Compromise of 1850 was supposed to be the final compromise between the sections… and it was – just for different reasons than Clay had intended.

6. Personal Liberty Laws Passed by Wisconsin and other Northern states • Guaranteed jury trials for accused slaves De facto Nullification

7. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe’s bestselling anti-slavery novel (1852) Stowe Original Illustrations: http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/uncletom/illustra/53illf.html

9. Some books make usRe-Think

10. 1852 Presidential Election 1860 1852 1856

11. Franklin Pierce(D-NH)Fourteenth President of the U.S.1853-1857 “Handsome Frank” Mexican War Veteran Kansas-Nebraska Act “Doughface” (Pro-Southern) NOT RENOMINATED “There's nothing left to do but get drunk." http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/fp14.html

13. The Kansas-Nebraska Act POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY In Kansas and Nebraska Territories on the issue of slavery MISSOURI COMPROMISE ANIMATED MAP: http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/

14. 1855-185956 Dead “Bleeding Kansas” “Race to Kansas” • Proslavery vs. Antislavery • “Border Ruffians” (from MO) • N.E. Immigrant Aid Society • Beecher’s Bibles ANIMATED MAP: http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/

15. “Beecher’s Bibles” New England Emigrant Aid Society "He (Henry W. Beecher) believed that the Sharps Rifle was a truly moral agency, and that there was more moral power in one of those instruments, so far as the slaveholders of Kansas were concerned, than in a hundred Bibles. You might just as well. . . read the Bible to Buffaloes as to [pro-slavery settlers]; but they have a supreme respect for the logic that is embodied in Sharp's rifle.” New York Tribune, 2/8/1856 Rev. Henry Ward Beecher (H.B. Stowe’s relative) Bibles

16. “Bleeding Kansas”1855-185956 Dead Lawrence, KS, after the “Sack of Lawrence” by proslavery settlers

17. John Brown • Abolitionist • Pottawatomie Creek Massacre Bibles

18. John Steuart Curry, “Tragic Prelude,” 1937-1941

19. Conflicting Constitutions Topeka Antislavery Lecompton Proslavery

20. Republican Party FAIL Whig Party (1832-1854) Republican Party (1854-Present) Free Soil NOT abolitionist (although abolitionists supported the Republican Party) New England and “Northwest” power base • No longer viable after 1852 election • SPLIT: Northern Whigs and Southern Whigs Northern Whigs + Northern Free Soil Democrats

21. Document 6.5 “The Crime Against Kansas” CHIVALRY Don Quixote Charles Sumner US Senator (Mass.) DON QUIXOTE

22. Chivalry

23. (1856) Brooks/Sumner Incident vs. Rep. Preston Brooks (SC) Sen. Charles Sumner (MA)

24. SLAP! READ Sumner’s Speech READ Brooks’ Defense

25. Nativism

26. Nativism Nativism = Anti-Immigration

28. (1844) Philadelphia Nativist Riots Anti-Catholic violence St. Augustine’s Church on Fire

29. The American Party“Know Nothings” NATIVISM CATHOLICS IMMIGRANTS NOTE: Antebellum immigrants were mostly from Germany and Ireland. “I know nothing…”

30. “Citizen Know Nothing” A Mascot for the Movement Ted Nugent: A Real American Click for Article

31. 1856 Presidential Election 1860 1852 1856

32. Ah! Fremont, your sectional Gun has exploded just as I predicted, but my American rifle will bring down that Old Buck. Oh! Brother Beecher! Our Kansas Gun has bursted and upset our gunner. I’m afraid we put in too big a load. Confound the Gun! if I can only get out of this muss I’ll stick to preaching and let fire-arms alone. Abolition Bog

33. James Buchanan(D-PA)Fifteenth President of the U.S.1857-1861 Pierce’s Minister to Great Britain – abroad during Kan/Neb Act controversy Sectional Turmoil Escalated Indecisive concerning secession Only bachelor to occupy the White House http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jb15.html

34. (1857) Dred Scott v. Sandford FACTS OF THE CASE: Dred Scott, a slave, lived with his master in free territory for two years. Scott claimed this made him a free man.

35. (1857) Dred Scott v. Sandford THE DECISION: • People of African descent (incl. Scott) could not be U.S. citizens. • Congress can’t forbid slavery in federal territories (violation of property rights) • Ergo, theMissouri Compromise is Unconstitutional Judicial Activism

36. When Judges Write the Law Judicial Activism

37. “Slave Power” Conspiracy?

38. (1857) Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Illinois Senate Race • Stephen Douglas • (Democratic Incumbent) • Abraham Lincoln • (Republican Challenger) • FOCUS: Free Soil • Significance: • Douglas wins, but loses popularity in the South. • Lincoln becomes a national figure. • Lincoln-Douglas Debate Memorial

39. “House Divided” Speech Abraham Lincoln 1858

40. (1859) John Brown’s Raid OBJECTIVE: • Seize a federal arsenal • Harpers Ferry, VA TREASON • Tried, Convicted, Executed • Different reactions in North and South

42. Paranoia NORTH: “Slave Power” Conspiracy The South wants to spread slavery throughout the nation Mason-Dixon Line SOUTH: North plans to destroy Southern slavery by igniting slave revolts.

43. 1860 Presidential Election 1860 1852 1856

44. Abraham Lincoln(R-IL)Sixteenth President of the U.S.1861-1865 Democratic Party split Election promptedsecession of states in the Deep South http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.html

45. Secession