Governance Innovation Report

1. Governance Innovation Report Dr. Amelia C.Ancog Professor

2. Overview of GIR • Applied research-a product of consultation, analysis, and research methods but is not a research paper in the traditional academic sense. • Problem-oriented-addresses real-world problems in governance which the student defines precisely, states clearly and places and context.

3. Overview • Client-based-designed to help a client organization or unit with a problem or issue. • Advisory in nature-recommendatory and intended to add value to and improve the client’s operations and performance. • Socially viable-concerned with standards of desirability. Values influence (1) in determining a desirable state of affairs(2)selecting solutions from various alternatives and(3)implementing the chosen alternative.

4. Forms/Categories of GIR • Management Study: descriptive study, correlational study, & explanatory study • Public Policy Paper: policy study and policy analysis • Action Plan

5. Management Study • Management Study-empirical study of a significant situation, process, organizational unit, program, project, or practice as regards any of the functional areas of management production, marketing, human resource & finance.In the case of public agencies,production pertains to service delivery, while marketing refers to communication, promotion & advocacy.

6. Categoriesof Management Study • Descriptive Study-seeks to present systematically the attributes of the unit of investigation, following an operational framework,which can be a schematic diagram or flow of the different components of investigation. Example, case study.

7. Categories of M.S. • Correlational Study-seeks to identify the important variables to operationalize the theory(ies)&concept(s) being adopted & to discover or establish the existence of a relationship/association/interdependence between 2 or more variables. • Explanatory Study-attempts to clarify why and how there is a relationship between 2 or more aspects of a situation or phenomenon as the variables of the study.

8. Categories of M.S. In both the correlational & explanatory studies, the researcher has to apply some statistical analysis or treatment to the data gathered. One has also the option to consider presenting the applicable research hypothesis. Since the exploratory study is primarily theoretical in context & approach, this type of study will not be considered for the GIR.

9. Public Policy Paper • Public Policy Paper-a problem-oriented & value-driven communication tool that provides a comprehensive & persuasive argument justifying the policy recommendations of the researcher.There is a necessity to recommend practical solutions to real-world problems of a target audience.This, in effect is a call to action for the target audience.

10. Public Policy Paper Public Policy Paper involves the ff: • Defining & detailing as urgent policy issue within the current policy framework. • Outlining the possible ways in which the issue can be addressed. • Providing an evaluation of the probable outcomes of specific options based on an outlined framework of analysis & the evidence from the current policy framework. • Choosing a preferred alternative(policy recommendation)& providing a strong argument for the policy option.

11. Categories of PPP • Policy Study-seeks to understand &inform the policy-making process by carrying out primary research into specific policy issues. • Policy Analysis-seeks to have a direct influence on actual policy outcomes by designing policies for public agencies.

12. Action Plan • Action Plan-an analytical study of an existing problem where the proponent provides management advice &professional support through a plan of action. It directly addresses the problem by analyzing its location, extent, and time of occurrence as well as the persons & entities involved.

13. Action Plan • It addresses the problem in terms of seriousness, feasibility, trend or pattern, and urgency.This category is more applied & action oriented. It identifies the actions that should be undertaken based on the problem analysis & appraisal. • Methods of analysis may include: SWOT analysis, force-field analysis, risk analysis, systematic managerial problem analysis etc.

14. Common Components and Variations in GIR • The 3 types of GIR have the same components in terms of chapters. Variations will be in: (1)operational framework (2)methodology of gathering, presenting, and analyzing data (3)discussion & presentation of data and (4) generation and presentation of recommendations.

15. Qualities of GIR • Show originality, creativity and critical thinking • Well organized data using the appropriate format; sufficient documentation of data & findings • Well grounded in governance or public management concepts, principles, practices • Show mastery of identified body of literature • Embody a set of feasible, doable recommendations

16. GIR Outline • Title Page • Approval Page • Acknowledgments • Table of Contents • List of Tables • List of Figures • List of Appendices • Abstract

17. Chapters • 1. Introduction • II. Research Framework and Methodology • III. Results and Discussions • IV. Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations References Appendices

18. Chapter I • Background of the Study • Statement of the Problem • Objectives of the Study • Significance of the Study • Scope and Limitations of the Study

19. Background of the Study • Discusses the major concepts covered in the study; the title usually contains the major concepts. Includes the current situations or conditions depicting the concepts such as (1) problems or lapses involving the concepts (2) successes and opportunities resulting in the application of the concepts (3) national & international developments in the meaning of the concepts.

20. Background of the Study • May include the following (1) various perspectives in the treatment of the concepts; (2) historical development or evolution of the concepts; and (3) legal sources & provisions pertaining to the concepts.

21. Statement of the Problem • A concise declaration of the question (s) to be answered. May be stated in a declarative form, but question form is preferred. • Should be stated clearly and consistent with the operational framework. A more preferred approach is to present specificquestions for every part of the operationalframework.

22. Objectives of the Study • Serves as a guide for the researcher and the reader to know what the researcher needs to do.These usually follow the chronological sequenceof thespecific questions in the problem statement. • Begins with either an action verb or an infinitive. Examples:identify the processes in the delivery of agricultural extension services to the farmers; to determine the level of efficiency of the instructional materials procurement system as perceived by the Parents-Teachers Community Association.

23. Significance of the Study Must contain explanations of any or all of the following: (1) Who will benefit and how are they going to benefit from the study? Since the problem is viewed in the light of the needs of the client, the GIR must show the (a) individuals, groups, or communities who might be placed in a more advantageous position on account of the study.

24. Significance of the Study (b) Client-organizations to whom the recommendations are addressed. These are government or non-government organizations that will use the results of the study. (2) Possible contribution to knowledge and the practice of governance. The GIR must highlight an innovation such as an effective method for service delivery, technology improvement, work simplification, process improvement, or a non traditional approach to management.

25. Significance of the Study (3)Themes or areas developed for future researches. The study may bring into the open certain related topics that can be subject to future investigations by other researchers. (4) Relevance of the study to issues & events at the local, regional or national level. The study should cite how it will be able to address emerging issues confronting various initiatives.

26. Scope and Limitations Establish the boundaries, exceptions, reservations & qualifications inherent in every study. The following should be included: (1) a brief statement of the general purpose of the study (2) the locale from which the respondents were selected & (3) the period covered by the study.

27. Scope & Limitations The Scope and Limitations present the reasons why certain areas are not covered and how the study will be narrowed in scope. This part shows the weaknesses of the study which are beyond the control of theresearchers.

28. Review of Literature This is optional for a GIR. Review of literature-an account of what has been published on a topic by scholars & researchers Involves a search for & analysis of documents related to the research problem. Documents include books, journals, reports, previous studies and websites.

29. Review of Literature RoL not a summary or abstract of articles but an analysis & synthesis of the source materials, written in a specific style which flows from the broad to the narrow and takes into account the theoretical & empirical issues

30. Review of Literature Organize review into themes Provide plotline to the research projects At the end of the review, the reader should be able to predict some of the characteristics of the proposed study even before they are described. Characteristics should be directly related to the flaws, gaps, inconsistencies or inadequacies found in the previous literature.

31. Research Framework A framework is an underlying set of ideas, principles, agreements or rules that provide basis or the outline for something that is more fully developed at a later stage. It is a coherent system that facilitates consistent development, interpretation, & application of concepts, methodologies & techniques useful to a discipline or profession. It provides a structural blueprint of how a body of knowledge fits together.

32. Theoretical Framework • Represents an adaptation of a theory or theories from reputable sources; it may for the basis of the researcher’s observations or the frame of reference by which the conceptual framework may be derived. • Model-a representation of a system which is constructed for the purpose of studying some aspect of that system or the system as a whole. A model’s role is representation, whereas a theory’s role is explanation.

33. Theoretical Framework • Paradigm- a fundamental mode or scheme that organizes our view of something. It does not necessarily answer important questions but it tells us where to look for the answers. • Theoretical framework may also be perspectives, principles, standards or school of thought. Examples: theories of motivation, bureaucracy, modernization, social stratification, systems theory.

34. Operational Framework • Operational framework stems from the conceptual framework and concentrates usually on one section or component of that theoretical framework. The theoretical framework consists of the theories or issues in which the study is embedded, the conceptual framework consists of the theories or issues describes the aspects the student selected from the theoretical framework to become the basis of the study. It refers to specific problem which the students intend to write about.

35. Operational Framework • Developed by the student to show what will be performed in the research • Shows variables which will be covered by the study: independent, intervening and dependent variables. • Shows schematic presentation of the areas, phases or stages of the study.