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World War I

World War I. Why?. Monarchs Empires Nationalism Imperialism Empires Alliances Technology Family They all played their rule. Monarchs. Europe still ruled by kings Some constitutional England Germany Others like old Austro-Hungarian Russia Ottoman. Nationalism.

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World War I

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  1. World War I

  2. Why? • Monarchs • Empires • Nationalism • Imperialism • Empires • Alliances • Technology • Family • They all played their rule

  3. Monarchs • Europe still ruled by kings • Some constitutional • England • Germany • Others like old • Austro-Hungarian • Russia • Ottoman

  4. Nationalism • Since of national pride • Wanting to see nation excel • Want to see it do better than other nations • Loyalty • Ensure Strength

  5. Imperialism • European nations acquired colonies • Opened new markets • Wealth of resources • World wide pride • Spread of nationalistic ideas • Spread of nationalistic importance

  6. Empires • European nations had acquiring large empires • Need for protection • Need $ to maintain • Ever Increasing • Staying ahead of the competition

  7. Alliance System • European power agreements • If one is attacked, its an attack on both • Cemented supported • Cemented potential for war

  8. Alliance System Con’t

  9. Alliance System Con’t

  10. Alliance System Con’t • Allied Powers • Great Britain • France • Russia • Italy • Joins later • Central Powers • Germany • Austro-Hungarian Empire • Ottoman Empire

  11. Technology • New military technologies • Air planes • Tanks • Trench Warfare • Machine guns • Poisonous Gas • Submarines

  12. Naval Race: 1906-1914 • Dreadnoughts • Great Britain: 29 • Germany : 17  • Dreadnought Cruisers • Great Britain: 9 • Germany: 7    

  13. “Big Bertha” German Gun • 16.5” Calibre • Range: • Effective: 7.7 miles • Later model: 75 miles • Shell weight: 1763 lbs • Crew 285 men • Rate of Fire: 8 per hour • Funny Note: Named after maker’s wife!!!

  14. Family • The Grandchildren of Queen Victoria of England • George V: England • Kaiser Wilhelm: Germany • Czar Nicholas II: Russia • All first cousins • All in control of massive empires in competition • Funny note: Alexandra (Czar’s wife) was also grandchild of Victoria and his 1st cousin!!!

  15. The Spark • Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Heir to A-H Empire • Visits Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina • Country in the midst of independent movement • Terrorist group: Black Hand • Ferdinand and Wife assassinated

  16. War!!! • Russia supports Serbia • A-H declares war on Serbia • Russia declares war on A-H • Germany allied with A-H • Declare war on Russia • France allied with Russia • Declares war on Germany • Germany Declares war on France • Britain allied with France • Declares War on Germany • July 30, 1914 War is declared

  17. National Push • All across Europe men join the military • Nationalism on CRACK!!! • War expected to end by Christmas!

  18. The War: Eastern Front • Germany/AH push towards Russia • War becomes brutal • Russia suffering economically • Politically faultering • People grow tired of the war • 1917 will change course of war

  19. The War: Western Front • Germany • Makes quick advancements • Push miles from Paris • British and French push back • Stalemate • Belgium

  20. Trench War • Trenches form along western front • Brutal • Diseases • Rats • Lice • Water • Trench foot • Death • Largest area acquired was 500 yards in 2 ½ years

  21. Going Over the Wall

  22. No Man’s Land

  23. Gas Attack

  24. No Man’s Land Today

  25. Tide Turns: Germany’s Favor • Russian Revolution 1917 • Lead by Vladimir Lenin • Communist overthrow Czar • Family will be killed • Immediate truce with Germany • Eastern Front Ends • Now all focus on Western Front

  26. Tide Turns: Against Germany • US remains “Neutral” • Out of war • Changes • HMS Lusitania • Sunk May, 1915 • 139 Americans killed • Zimmerman Telegram • Germany & Mexico • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • April 6, 1918 • America declares war on Germany

  27. End of War • America’s entry turns tide • Fresh, arrogant, and ignorant troops • Nov.11, 1918 Armistice • Treaty of Versailles • War ends • Wilson’s 14 Points • League of Nations • US does not join • Peaceful end • Ignored by European Powers

  28. Aftermath of the War • USA • Wilson fails and dies • Allies • Ignore warnings • Russia • Communist controlled • Germany • Must admit blame for war • Pay reparations: $33 billion • Give up land /No Army • Economy and politics fall apart • Rise of a New Nationalist Movement: National Socialists • 22 million killed

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