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Mutations

Mutations. AKA: Polymorphisms The good The bad and The neutral. Mutations. Conjoined Twins are not caused by any genetic mutation. Bully Whippet A mutation enhances muscle development. Polymorphisms (Mutations). Any change in the DNA sequence.

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations AKA: Polymorphisms The good The bad and The neutral

  2. Mutations

  3. Conjoined Twins are not caused by any genetic mutation. Bully Whippet A mutation enhances muscle development.

  4. Polymorphisms (Mutations) • Any change in the DNA sequence. • Most (but not all) will result in a new amino acid line up, and therefore a new protein • But not necessarily a new trait

  5. Single Nucleotide PolymorphismSNP’s (SNIPS) • Example: CAT HAT • For a change in DNA CGT CGA • What Amino Acid is produced for each? GCA GCU Alanine Alanine SNP mRNA

  6. Single Nucleotide PolymorphismSNP’s (SNIPS) • For a change in DNA CGT GGT • What Amino Acid is produced for each? GCA CCA Alanine Proline SNP mRNA

  7. Frame ShiftDeletions, Additions, Duplications Additions THE DOG BIT THE BOY THE DOGS BIT THE BOY THE DOG SBI TTH EBO Y Deletions THE DOG BIT THE BOY THE OGB ITT HEB OY

  8. Frame ShiftDeletions, Additions, Duplications DNA TAC GGA GAT TAT CCC GAA ACT mRNA AUG CCU CUA AUA GGG CUU UGA Amino Acid Chain Met Pro Leu Iso Gly Leu Stop Methionine Proline Leucine Isoleucine Glycine Leucine Stop

  9. Frame ShiftDeletions, Additions, Duplications DNA TAC GGA GAT TAT CCC GAA ACT TAC GAG ATT ATC CCG AAA CT mRNA AUG CUC UAA UAG GGC UUU GA Amino Acid Chain Met Leu Stop Stop Gly Phe Methionine Leucine Stop Stop Glycine Phenylalanine Delete

  10. Trinucleotide Polymorphisms • THE DOG BIT THE BOY • THE BIG DOG BIT THE BOY (addition) • THE GOD BIT THE BOY (inversion) • THE DOG BIT BOY (deletion) • THE BOY BIT THE DOG (translocation) • THE DOG BIT BIT THE BOY (repetition) • THE DOG BIT THE BOY AND RAN OFF (expansion)

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