Introduction

1. Change and Development Strategies of Learning GovernmentsMing-Lieh WuDirector, Associate Professor National Chi Nan University Graduate Institute of Adult & Continuing Educationhttp://www.ace.ncnu.edu.twE-mail:mlwu@ncnu.edu.tw

2. Introduction This research attempts to explore the change and development of learning governments. Within organizational contexts, the notion organizational learning has been discussed and implemented for more than four decades, which brings about a growing interest in building the theory and practice of learning organization in the early 1990s

3. Introduction • For years, the concepts of organizational learning and learning organization have been practiced in private sectors. On the contrary, such concepts have hardly been recognized or launched in public sectors such as non-profit organizations and governments. The development of a learning government, regarded as one type of learning organizations, is a long-term and continuous investment, which requires good practices and is time consuming.

4. Research Objectives This paper presents and discusses the contribution of “change and development strategies of learning governments”. The main objectives of this research are to explore the concepts of the learning government, to analyze the development background of the learning government, to discuss the organizational change of the learning government, and finally, to address the development strategies for the learning government.

5. Problem Statement 1.What is the concept of learning government？ 2.What is the meaning of learning government？ 3.What are the factors contributed to the building of learning govenrments？ 4.What are the contents of learning government？ 5.What are the strategies for building learning government？

6. Research Methodology • Literature review: Literatures concerning govermental development and reform govenrment were reviewed by the author, and litrature written in English, Germany, and Chinese were reviewed.Conceptual analysis, descriptive analysis, and explanary analysis were employed in this article. • Document analysis：Documents concerning learning government and government reform and development were analyzed. Based on the results, the status quo were understand, and suggestions were provided for further improvements.

7. The concept of a learning government Learning government is an organization that can continue to learn and modify itself. Individual, group and organization are able to continually improving themselves via all kinds of methods and channels, and result in inspiring individual and the organization’s potential, and from there to improve the governmental efficacy, creating benefits for its people, and streaming the trends, directing the trends, and creating the trends.

8. Background of Learning Governments：five contribution factors • The Idea of learning organizations. • The coming of a lifelong learning age. • The demands for human resource development. • The challenge of knowledge economy. • The trend of globalization.

9. The profound change that leading to learning governments Learning government is an entity of learning organization, which involves organizational transformation. Which involves of two different kind of change: First, the change of human internal factors such as value, expectation, and behavior. Second, the change of external factors such as process, strategy, tactics, and regime.

10. Strategic development for learning governments • Advocate for learning organization • Enhance the lifelong learning quality for government officials. • Organizational leaders should become learning leaders. • Considering the characteristics and obstacles of adult learning. • Managing the demands of organizational learning and modeling the learning environment. • Planning for multiple learning methods. • Advocate for Knowledge management and Knowledge society. • Establishing evaluation systems for learning organizations.

11. Inclusion I . Based on the literature review and document analysis of the themes in question, certain outcomes are indicated, as follows: In a learning government, everyone goes through formal learning, nonformal learning and informal learning to cultivate knowledge, skills and attitudes; consequently, to promote self-realization and organizational development, which are viewed as the essentials of learning governments.

12. Inclusion II . In a learning government, everyone goes through formal learning, non-formal learning and informal learning to cultivate knowledge, skills and attitudes; consequently, to promote self-realization and organizational development, which are viewed as the essentials of learning governments

13. Inclusion III A learning government is possessed of similar characteristics as a learning organization. A learning government is where fulfils continuous learning and innovative change. That is to say, within the environment, individuals, teams, and the whole organization learn constantly by employing effective approaches or strategies, which inspires individual and organizational development capabilities, improves the effectiveness of government organizations, and subsequently brings about creative change, innovation, and growth.

14. Inclusion IV The development background of learning governments includes and is influenced by the following five forces: the notion of learning organization, the coming of the lifelong learning age, the need of human resource development, the challenges of the knowledge society, and the trend of globalization.

15. Inclusion V The development of a learning government comprises the process of organizational change, which should also be a process of profound change including two elements: one is the change of values, visions and behaviors of every individual in the organization, and the other one is the change of organizational procedures, strategies and systems

16. Inclusion VI . To improve towards a learning government, new learning approaches, new learning cultures, innovative strategies, abilities to integrate and practices of lifelong learning, adults learning and knowledge management are considered

17. To have known the best, and to have known it for the best, is success in life ～John Mackay Thank you! Danke schön 知道最好的一切，且將之發揮至極致，才是成功的生活