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Inheritance

Inheritance. Purpose. Purpose: In this investigation, we will find out how changes can occur in a population due to variation in traits. Background Information. Traits in a population change over the course of several generations Offspring grow up to look pretty much like their parents.

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Inheritance

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  1. Inheritance

  2. Purpose • Purpose: In this investigation, we will find out how changes can occur in a population due to variation in traits.

  3. Background Information • Traits in a population change over the course of several generations • Offspring grow up to look pretty much like their parents. • This is because the information for how to develop is passed from the parents to the offspring • Passing genetic information from one generation to the next generation is called inheritance. • You inherit alleles from your parents, Larkeys inherit alleles from their parents. This is true for all living organisms.

  4. Gregor Mendel • The pioneering work on inheritance was done by an Augustinian monk named Gregor Mendel. • He spent years growing thousands of plants and animals, observing closely to see how similar they were to their parents. • His most important work was done with pea plants. • Mendel reasoned that the offspring must be inheriting something from each parent.

  5. Cells • Everything is made of cells. • This is where the information describing how to make you resides (is found) • Cells have many smaller structures inside, called organelles, which perform functions essential to life.

  6. Animal Cell • http://www.fossweb.com/modulesMS/kit_multimedia/PopulationsandEcosystems/pdfs/transparencies/Pop_Eco_transp_22.pdf

  7. Nucleus • DNA and chromosomes are found inside the nucleus.

  8. DNA • Found inside the nucleus of a cell • Also known as the inheritance messenger • DNA contains millions of atoms • In order to fit inside the nucleus, DNA is coiled and coiled again into structures called chromosomes.

  9. Chromosomes • Chromosomes are the structures that carry the message of inheritance. • They come in almost identical pairs • They have specific active locations called alleles

  10. Chromosomes and Genes • http://www.fossweb.com/modulesMS/kit_multimedia/PopulationsandEcosystems/pdfs/transparencies/Pop_Eco_transp_23.pdf

  11. Chromosomes • The drawing shows the nucleus of a cell from our make-believe animal, the Larkey. • There are 8 chromosomes • Chromosomes always come in pairs. • The Larkey has 4 pairs of chromosomes. • Both chromosomes in a pair have dark areas in exactly the same location. The dark areas are called alleles. • Two pairs of alleles working together make a gene

  12. Alleles • The alleles are the code that determines the traits • The combination of alleles in an organism’s chromosomes is the organism’s genotype. • Two Alleles on paired chromosomes work together. • Together they are known as a gene • Alleles don’t all have equal influence in determining traits

  13. Dominant/Recessive Alleles • Dominant alleles are more influential in determining traits • They are represented by an uppercase letter • Recessive alleles are less influential in determining traits • They are represented by a lowercase letter

  14. Larkey Genetics Code • AA or Aa = __________ legs • aa = __________ legs • EE or Ee = __________ eyes • ee= __________ eyes • FF = striped fur pattern • Ff = solid fur pattern • ff = spotted fur pattern • TT or Tt = __________ tail • tt = __________ tail

  15. From Genotype to Phenotype • http://www.fossweb.com/modulesMS/kit_multimedia/PopulationsandEcosystems/pdfs/transparencies/Pop_Eco_transp_26.pdf

  16. Genes • A gene is two alleles working together to control a trait • They determine eye color, hair color, fur patterns, etc.

  17. Larkey Features • A Larkey has four features that we will focus on: • Legs (appendages) • Eye color • Fur pattern • Tail shape • Each feature is controlled by one gene. • Each of the four genes are located on a different chromosome

  18. Gene Locations • http://www.fossweb.com/modulesMS/kit_multimedia/PopulationsandEcosystems/pdfs/transparencies/Pop_Eco_transp_25.pdf

  19. Human/Larkey Features Chart • http://www.fossweb.com/modulesMS/kit_multimedia/PopulationsandEcosystems/pdfs/transparencies/Pop_Eco_transp_20.pdf

  20. Larkey Traits • http://www.fossweb.com/modulesMS/kit_multimedia/PopulationsandEcosystems/pdfs/transparencies/Pop_Eco_transp_21.pdf

  21. Genes and Alleles • http://www.fossweb.com/modulesMS/kit_multimedia/PopulationsandEcosystems/pdfs/transparencies/Pop_Eco_transp_24.pdf

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