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The Properties of Matter

The Properties of Matter. Matter. Everything is made of MATTER! Matter is anything that has volume and mass. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up, or occupies. Describing Matter. The characteristics or properties of an object can help you identify the substance.

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The Properties of Matter

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  1. The Properties of Matter

  2. Matter • Everything is made of MATTER! • Matter is anything that has volume and mass. • Volume is the amount of space an object takes up, or occupies.

  3. Describing Matter • The characteristics or properties of an object can help you identify the substance. • Substances have unique properties and characteristics.

  4. Properties of Matter • There are: • Physical Properties • Chemical Properties

  5. Physical Properties • Things that describe the object are physical properties. • Physical properties can also be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter. • Examples of physical properties include: color, odor, size, state, density, solubility, melting point, etc…

  6. Chemical Properties • Chemical properties describe a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties. • Ex: wood burns to form ash and smoke • Chemical properties cannot be observed with your senses. • Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties. • Examples of chemical properties: flammability and reactivity

  7. Characteristic Properties • The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance are its characteristic properties. • Remember the difference between physical and chemical properties. • Physical properties can be observed! (with your eyes!) IDENTITY OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT CHANGE! • You can observe chemical properties only in situations in which the identity of the substance could change.

  8. List as many physical and chemical properties as you can see in these pictures: Titanium Wood

  9. Classification of matter Matter is classified into 4 classes, which are: • Mixtures • Solutions • Elements • Compounds

  10. Mixtures • A mixture is a combination of two or more substances where there is no chemical combination or reaction. • The substances keep their separate identities and most of their own properties, however their chemical composition does not change. •  Two types of mixtures are: • heterogeneous • homogeneous

  11. Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous Homogeneous • A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases • Two or more parts can be seen • Example: Suspension • Have the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. • Example: Solution

  12. SEPARATION METHODS FOR MIXTURES

  13. Methods of Separation: • Filtration • Sieving • Gravity separation • Distillation and Condensation • Crystallization and Evaporation • Froth flotation • Magnetic separation • Chromatography • Centrifuging

  14. SEPARATION METHODS FOR MIXTURES • The key is to find a property that one part of the mixture does have but the other doesn't. This relies on their physical properties. • FILTERING Pour a mixture (solid and liquid), through a filter paper. Depends on the solubility.

  15. SEPARATION METHODS FOR MIXTURES • EVAPORATION Separation of a liquid and a soluble solid.

  16. SEPARATION METHODS FOR MIXTURES • CRYSTALLIZATION Slow formation of a solid from a warm solution that is cooled. Depends on the solubility.

  17. DISTILLATION • Boil off and condense the more volatile component in a liquid mixture. Depends on volatility.

  18. Distillation

  19. CHROMATOGRAPHY Involves the separation of different dissolved substances as they travel through a material

  20. Magnetic separation A magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force.

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