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The 10,000 Hour Rule

The 10,000 Hour Rule. The idea that excellence at performing a complex task requires a critical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise. In fact, researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: 10,000 hours (p. 40).

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The 10,000 Hour Rule

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  1. The 10,000 Hour Rule The idea that excellence at performing a complex task requires a critical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise. In fact, researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: 10,000 hours (p. 40).

  2. K. Anders Ericsson Conradi Eminent Scholar, Florida State University

  3. Ericsson’s Theory of Expertise “The only innate differences that turn out to be significant—and they matter primarily in sports—are height and body size” (p. 1). - Ericsson, Prietula, & Cokely (2007)

  4. Deliberate Practice Deliberate Practice (1) Designed to improve performance (2) Highly effortful (3) Unenjoyable http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqehdM8rHbY

  5. Ericsson et al. (1993) • Four groups of violinists provided estimates of DP (i.e., practice alone) for each age since starting violin • By age 20 “best” students and professionals had accumulated over 10,000 hours of DP

  6. Ericsson et al. (1993)

  7. The Development of Expertise

  8. The Role of Opportunity “In the late sixties, early seventies, I don’t think there was anyplace else that was exactly like Michigan…I was probably programming eight or ten hours a day…” - Bill Joy

  9. The Role of Opportunity “I had better exposure to software development at a young age than I think anyone did in that period of time, and all because of an incredibly lucky series of events.” - Bill Gates

  10. The Role of Opportunity “We got better and got more confidence. We couldn’t help it with all that experience playing all night long. It was handy them being foreign. We had to try even harder, put our heart and soul into it, to get ourselves over…In Hamburg, we had to play for eight hours, so we really had to find a new way of playing. - John Lennon Beatles at the Indra Club, Hamburg, 1960

  11. The Role of Opportunity Joy and Gates and the Beatles are all undeniably talented…But what truly distinguishes their histories is not their extraordinary talent but their extraordinary opportunities (p. 55).

  12. 1. John D. Rockefeller, 1839 2. Andrew Carnegie, 1835 3. Frederick Weyerhaeuser, 1834 4. Jay Gould, 1836 5. Marshall Field, 1834 6. George F. Baker, 1840 7. Hetty Green, 1834 8. James G. Flair, 1831 9. Henry Rogers, 1840

  13. Ericsson et al. (1993) Revisited

  14. Ericsson et al. (1993) Revisited http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsGihiSE6sM

  15. Ericsson et al. (1993) Revisited

  16. Ericsson et al. (1993) Revisited

  17. Estimated Between-Group Overlap, Ericsson et al. (1993), Study 1 “Good” Violinists “Best” Violinists Best Violinists < Good Mean Good Violinists > Best Mean 17% 17% MHrs= 7,410 MHrs= 5,301

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