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T. Vuletić, Institute of physics, Zagreb Višnjan S3++ 2011. EM launch Or We’re out! What now?. T. Vuletić, Institute of physics, Zagreb Open day 2010. Space elevator Or How do we get out?. Earth’s gravity well. C,D: 1 st cosmic velocity V 1 2 /R= g V 1 =7.9 km/s. E:
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T. Vuletić, Institute of physics, Zagreb Višnjan S3++ 2011 EM launch Or We’re out! What now?
T. Vuletić, Institute of physics, Zagreb Open day 2010 Space elevator Or How do we get out?
Earth’s gravity well C,D: 1st cosmic velocity V12/R=g V1=7.9 km/s E: 2nd cosmic velocity V22/2R=g V2=11.2 km/s
Chemical launch: Newton, Jules Verneet al. Gas expansion V=1-4 km/s : insufficient! there’s also the atmospheric drag...
Moon’s gravity well Moon: 1st cosmic velocity V12/(R/2)=g/6 V1=2.2 km/s 2nd cosmic velocity V22/R=g/6 V2=3.1 km/s
EM launch: Moon shallow well + there’s no air-drag read... R.A. Heinlein: The Moon is a Harsh Mistress
EM launch: Moon watch... “Moon” by Duncan Jones
Logistics orbit: Lagrange points Idea: G.K. O’Neill and his S.S.I. “father” of the particle accelerator read... R.A. Heinlein: The Moon is a Harsh Mistress
EM gun while we’re still here
force field force How does it work? Mass Driver: Electromagnets repel or attract and cary the projectile Railgun: Rails are shorted by the projectile – current in this circuit forces the project out Coilgun: Electromagnet attracts the feromagnetic projectile!
EM gun solid-state relay capacitors railgun coilgun Coil, 30 turns, 4 layers, 1 mm wire Capacitors, 450V, 8.8mF
RLC circuit Damped harmonic oscillator Solving for the Current: underdamped damping resonant frequency overdamped critically damped
RLC circuit Damped harmonic oscillator Capacitance C=8.8 mF Resistance R=0.3 W InductanceL=?
Inductance Inductance L: Depends on the position of the projectile F= L’·I2 Force: Force maximum occurs where the inductance variation has a maximum Position: Projectile tip - 5 mm inside coil
1500 Coil current 1000 I (kA) 500 0 15 Projectile acceleration a (x1000 m/s2) 10 5 0 Projectile velocity 30 20 v (m/s) 10 0 4 10 Distance covered by the projectile 10 3 2 10 Coil center s (mm) 1 10 0 10 Coil mouth -1 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 time (ms) Force, mass... F=ma~I2 v=at a2 s= t2
Current, charge Capacitance C=8.8 mF Resistance R=0.3 W InductanceL=150 mH Voltage U=450 V Charge Q=C·U=4 C Energy E=½C·U2=900 J ~4 Coulombs discharge through the coil ~ kiloAmps in milliseconds!
Velocity 2.5 m 100 msec 20 msec 0.5 m 0 msec V=25m/s V=90km/h 0.0 m
Energy 25 g Kinetic ~ 12 J Electric ~ 900 J m2 C2 E= v2 E= U2 Diminutive efficiency, kein Schwarzenegger...
EM gun Machine & electronics shop Institute of physics: I. Čičko, B. Kiš, A. Vojnović Thanks: R. Beuc, Đ. Drobac, B.Erjavec, M. Prester, K. Salamon Take a look: www.youtube.com/user/fizika123 coilgun.info www.powerlabs.org audacity.sourceforge.net Keywords: coilgun, railgun, mass driver, EM launch