Welcome: WEL Action Learning Webinar 1

1. Welcome:WEL Action Learning Webinar 1 Blackboard Collaborate Session Tips While you are waiting, please: (1) To ensure that your AUDIO is working, kindly go through the Audio Wizard. (2) Changing your connection speed Go to Edit menu -> Preferences ->Session, and then select ISDN, wireless or other lower connection. (3) Kindly close down all unnecessary applications. Feel free to send us a message in the chat box if you are having problems. Tools Menu  Audio  Audio Setup Wizard

2. Ground rules for today’ssession • We would love to have your feedback and questions today. Kindly send these and any other comments in the chat box. • As we are too big as a group, please don’t use your microphones. • There are moderators in the chat box. They will organise comments for regular Q and A sessions.

3. Other feedback tools • Using polling • Using emoticons • Using pointer button Test your polling button: Do you like chocolates? Test your pointer button: Where are you in the world today?

4. Who is who in today’s webinar? Jing Pura Thalia Kidder Felipe Ramiro Jr. Thomas Tichar Cailin Crockett Dominic Ramirez

6. Welcome, everyone! Gendered Enterprise and Markets (GEM): WOMEN’S ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP ACTION LEARNING Webinar # 1

7. Agenda for today’s webinar • Our Action Learning – principles & process • Ideas to agree – households, women’s agency • Philippines Action Learning – an example • Learning task – the headlines • Azerbaijan Meeting July 1-7

8. Agenda for today’s webinar (2) Section 2: Ideas to agree • Why households? • What are households? • Households & the economy, gendered household analysis [Your Questions!] d) Households – negotiating power, women’s agency e) What changes in households with a new market opportunity (enterprise)? [Your Questions!]

9. 1. Action Learning Principles Principles • Adults learn best in real processes • Learning exercises to improve program design • When we ask new & different questions in ‘the field’… • We gather new & different evidence …. • New evidence leads to new options, clarify trade-offs (no perfect solutions) • Better choices about investments and strategies • Field visits in multi-disciplinary teams allow us to experience • Surprising, useful questions that people with ‘other’ expertise ask • Differing insights and perspectives • Higher quality strategies from debating options & trade offs

10. An Overview of an Action Learning Process The proposed process • Agree on concepts through webinars • Several countries’ teams do the same exercise to gather evidence • Present the findings visually • In workshop, give each other constructive feedback… • Field visits provide good learning for us and the host country

11. Why this Topic: Household and Women’s Agency • Cambodia 2010: learning task to identify and prioritize barriers for women. • Recent surveys of WEL programs: women do benefit from WEL/ GEM methodology-design of enterprise and markets programs • Findings also show room to improve: to address dynamics of household-level gender relations • Common challenge in implementation: dynamics between men and women in households… how to promote women’s agency?

12. Action Learning on WEL: May-July • (Ask new questions) • Document (make visible) the current work of women & men in households, gender roles, decision-making and women’s agency in different spaces of negotiation (new evidence) • Document – in this context, what factors enable women’s agency, especially in households (new options) In Azerbaijan • Design a new component(s) of our enterprise and markets programme to promote women’s agency, especially at the household level (debate, make choices)

13. Section 2: Ideas to agree

14. What is considered a ‘household’? • Not uniform … within or between countries -- Nuclear -- Extended (3+ generations) -- Several related families living on same landholding • Thus, ‘women’ also not homogeneous … very different in terms of status and women’s agency within households

15. Why look at households in a market program? • Impact: do women and families benefit from market development and market changes? -- Power relations influence who benefits; distribution of benefits depend on person’s age, status, influence within and definitely, gender • Influence: gender roles and women’s agency within households lead to women & men’s different roles in product markets, market services • Ensure sustainability of change: beyond women earning income; women’s economic leadership requires control over income, assets, decision-making and time

16. The household and the economy CASH MARKET • Many economic activities happen in households, rendered especially by women. • Goods and services for household’s material welfare derived from many parts of the economy, not only cash market. STATE (education, health, social security) Household REPRODUCTIVE or CARING WORK SOURCES OF HOUSEHOLD (MATERIAL) WELFARE Household PRODUCTIVE WORK/ SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE New opportunity NATURAL RESOURCES SOCIAL NETWORKS (community work, barter)

17. ‘Household’ in gendered market analysis Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets The Household Unpaid productive work Unpaid caring work Attitudes, beliefs, norms about gender roles Risks Resources, assets, time & labor

18. ‘Household’ in gendered market analysis Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets The Household Unpaid caring work Unpaid productive work Attitudes, beliefs & norms Resources, assets, time & labor • = Reproductive work • Part of local economy • Provides what workforce needs to function • But UNPAID, UNDERVALUED! • Caring work between men and women unequal

19. ‘Household’ in gendered market analysis Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets The Household Unpaid productive work Attitudes, beliefs & norms Resources, assets, time & labor Unpaid caring work • All agricultural work from seed propagation to selling. • Farm roles and tasks are also gendered, with women taking on substantive productive work, leading to time poverty. • Women also do non-market, subsistence work.

20. ‘Household’ in gendered market analysis Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets The Household Attitudes, beliefs & norms on gendered roles Unpaid productive work Resources, assets, time & labor Unpaid caring work • Women’s ‘natural’ abilities and roles: assume responsibility over family, risks, unexpected costs • Gendered norms reinforced by families, schools, religion, law, media.

21. ‘Household’ in gendered market analysis Four dimensions of ‘households’ influence women’s and men’s participation and roles in markets The Household Resources, assets, time & labor Unpaid productive work Attitudes, beliefs & norms Unpaid caring work • Examples: land, skills, credit, natural resources and most critically, TIME and LABOUR in household. • Women’s and men’s control over resources are different.

22. Participatory Exercise Which information is useful in examining household as a site for unpaid caring work? (a) ‘Char’ lands get flooded for 6 months in a year. Households diversify, planting mainly maize, jute and chilli in their own or sharecropped lands and engaging in cow-rearing. (b) Households earn the most from chilli farming. Women are predominantly in seed sorting, soaking and cleaning, weeding, harvesting and pre-processing (sorting and grading). (c) Marketing is exclusive to men because women are restricted on account of their religion from going outside their community. (d) Women start their day early and within the day cook, do laundry, feed their children and take care of needs of the elderly – even if they become sick.

23. Ideas about Household Economy and Negotiating Power “Black box” - inputs & outcomes assumed of equal benefit for all Cooperation and Conflict: • Use of resources and benefits for each member are determined by her/his relative negotiating power

24. Perception of your contribution to the household economy: Self perception and others’ perception Knowledge, skills “power to” Assets - “break down position” Present and Future Income potential (Relative) Negotiating Power some influential factors... TIME to think, consult, train, explore… Self-confidence New beliefs… Challenging patriarchal norms

25. Relative Negotiating Power and Women’s Agency • Most women need increased negotiating power relative to men. • Women’s agency: also determined by • Education, health status, organisation, communications technology… • State repression, insecurity, politics, disasters, laws, monopoly companies… • Both men & women may have little agency (smallholders’ power in markets!)

26. Concept of human (women’s) agency • Agency: women feeling (a growing) autonomy and control over what they can do. (Garcia-Dungo) -- Human capacity for autonomy and self-determination – -- Human agency and social structures are interactive. Repetition of acts referred to as practices reproduce social structures. (Giddens) • Women challenging patriarchal traditions… more than awareness… regularly negotiating, exercising power. Repeated negotiations lead to changes in gender relations in the household. • Power: power within, power to, power with (power over)

27. Questions or comments? Type your questions or comments in the Chat Box.