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Welcome To DLD Class !!!

Welcome To DLD Class !!!. About Me !. Course Organization: Quick Format. Lectures + Labs: You must attend them. Hands-on tutorials with practical assignments: You must attend the tutorials and make the assignments. Design Project: You must make a design project till end of course.

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Welcome To DLD Class !!!

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  1. Welcome To DLD Class !!! About Me ! BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  2. Course Organization: Quick Format • Lectures + Labs: • You must attend them. • Hands-on tutorials with practical assignments: • You must attend the tutorials and make the assignments. • Design Project: • You must make a design project till end of course. • Quizzes: • Announced + Unannounced • Mid / Final Exam: BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  3. Course Organization: Literature • Text Book: • M. Morris Mano, “Digital Logic and Computer Design”, Pearson, 2011 • References: • M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti, “Digital design”, 4th edition, 2008 • Thomas L. Floyd, “Digital Fundamentals”, 10th edition, Pearson Education, 2008. • Digital systems: Principles and applications - Ronald J. Tocciand Widmer • Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog Design, Stephen Brown and ZvonkoVranesic, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  4. Course Organization : Grading • Policies: • Quizzes: • Most of the Quizzes will be unannounced except few . • Assignments: • Regular assignments will be provided. • Don't miss assignments as they are highly weighted as well as spine of the course. • Rules for assignment submissions are very Clear !!! (100% your own work for credits) • Mid Term / Final Exam : • Practical: • Simulation + hardware description language or Hardware based • TermProject / demo presentation … • Viva (Based on Assignments + Course Understanding ) BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  5. Course Organization:Correspondance • Yahoo Group : dld_bscs • Helpful for course • All softcopies will be uploaded here. • Extra Reading Materials • Extra Time : After Lecture • Email : Any time • Class Timings: • Wed: 7.30 – 8.50 PM • Fri: 4.30 – 5.50 PM Class Rep. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  6. Course Organization: Goals & Objectives • Goal: • Goal of course will be to develop an understanding of • How digital systems work? • How to design your own? (Are u kidding!!!) • Speed + Miniaturization benefits achieved • Micro-computer operations • Simulation tools • Hardware Description Language !!! BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  7. Course Organization: Outline • Introduction to Digital systems. • Number system and conversions. • Boolean algebra and logic gates. • Simplification of logic • Combinational logic design. • Combinational logic circuits. • Sequential circuits. • Registers/ counters and designing. • Memory basics and Type of memories. • Computer design basics. • Designing based upon CAD tools. Detailed outline is available on group. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  8. Your Feedback !!! • Quick Introduction. • Suggestions for improvement. • Anything you want to see in the course ? • Data for course group. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  9. Systems and its Types: Signal: “Any physical quantity that exist in nature “ • Useful : data , current , voltage • Useless: noise , interference • System: System is an entity that manipulates one or more input signals by implementing a function, thereby producing the outputs. OR System is an entity that processes signals and produces outputs. Types of systems: • Continuous-Time systems • Discrete-Time systems System Signal Signal BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  10. Continuous Vs Discrete: Continuous-Time Signals: • Quantities that are defined for all values of time. • Speech signal, Voltage signal, Sensor output • Waveform: Analog Signals are Continuous time signals … BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  11. Continuous Vs Discrete: Discrete Time Signal: • Exists for discrete time instants only. • Not defined for all values. • Obtained by sampling of continuous time signals. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  12. Digital Signals: Are we done with signals? Not yet .Wait a moment for important class of discrete signals i.e., Digital Signals BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  13. Digital Signals: • Staircase approximation of discrete signals are digital signals. Digital Signal BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  14. Analog and Digital: BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  15. Analog Systems: • Example • Audio System BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  16. Digital Systems: • Example • Digital with Analog …. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  17. Digital System: More Examples BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  18. First computer : • The Babbage Difference Engine(1834) • 25,000 parts ,Mechanical System BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  19. Evaluation of Technology: *Slide taken from MIT open courseware BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  20. Fuelling the Innovation: Moore’s Law Number of transistors will double after every 1.5 years. Year 1965,Gordon Moore BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  21. Week 1 : Lecture 02 BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  22. Lecture 02: • Class group : dld_bscs@yahoogroups.com • Invitation sent to you people: Check spam list also. • Reading Handout 1: Released • Assignment 01 : Drafted • From Last Lecture: • There was some Buzz in class last lecture. • Not Good  Avoid it in future … BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  23. Check Point : PracticeProblem 1 Identify the type of signal given in waveform below. How can we change it into digital signal? Name Steps? Draw corresponding waveform of digital signal (2 levels)? BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  24. Digital Number Systems: • As told earlier, digital systems can process discrete set of information, based upon which we have … Digital Number System: • Binary • Octal • Decimal • Hexadecimal • Digital Computers are based upon Binary Number Systemand course primarily revolves around it. • BIT: Smallest unit of digital information. Contraction of wordBinary Digit. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  25. Number System : Binary • Binary system consists of 2 alphabets/symbols/values i.e Zero (0) & One(1). • Base-2 system , suitable for digital computers. • Why binary? • Hardware perspective : a transistor circuit is either ON or OFF (two stable states). • Easy to implement in software. • Simple and accurate circuit design Representation of Binary Quantities: BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  26. Base Systems : • In order to represent numbers of different bases, we surround a number • in parenthesis and then place a subscript with the base of the number. • A decimal number (9233)10 • A binary number (11011)2 • A hexadecimal number (30FA)16 • An octal number (6107)8 BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  27. Binary Representation : • Bit : • Nibble : 4 bits • Byte : 8 bits • Word : 16 bits • Double word : 32 bits BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  28. Number Base Conversions : Evaluate Magnitude Octal (Base 8) Evaluate Magnitude Decimal (Base 10) Binary (Base 2) Hexadecimal (Base 16) Evaluate Magnitude

  29. Base-r to Decimal Conversion : • Weighting factor scaling is required according to that specific base system. • Weights are (base-system)^ position_value • Rules are same for • Binary to decimal • Octal to decimal • Hexadecimal to decimal Evaluate magnitude or weighting factor. Multiply number by its weight. Special treatment for fractional parts. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  30. Binary to Decimal Conversion : • The binary system uses powers of 2 as the multipliers for the coefficients. • For example, (1011)2 = 1x23 + 0x22 + 1x21 + 1x20 = (11)10 • What about fractions? (110.10)2 = 1x22 + 1x21 + 0x20 + 1x2-1 + 0x2-2 = (6.5)10 • we can represent the binary number 10111.01 as: = 1 X 24 + 0 X 23 + 1 X 22 + 1 X 21 + 1 X 20 + 0 X 2-1 + 1 X 2-2 = =(23.25)10 • See binary Weighting table as a reference …. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  31. More Examples : Handling fractions • How to handle binary point : BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  32. Weighting Table for Binary : Caution : 1K in binary is not 1000 instead its 1024. • 210 is referred to as Kilo, called "K" • 220 is referred to as Mega, called "M" • 230 is referred to as Giga, called "G" BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  33. Octal to Decimal Conversion: • The octal number system is a base-8 system that contains the coefficient values of 0 to 7. • The octal system uses powers of 8 as the multipliers for the coefficients. • For example, • Weights are (base-system)^ position_value • Convert octal number 72032 to decimal: 7 X 84 + 2 X 83 + 0 X 82 + 3 X 81 + 2 X 80 one step for simplification = (29722)10 BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  34. Hexadecimal System : BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  35. Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion : • The hexadecimal number system is a base-16 system that contains the coefficient values of 0 to 9 and A to F. The letters A through F represent the coefficient values of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, respectively. • The hexadecimal system uses powers of 16 as the multipliers for the coefficients. • For example, • Convert hexadecimal number C34D to decimal : 12 X 163 + 3 X 162 + 4 X 161 + 13 X 160 One step here … = (49997)10 BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  36. Base-r to Decimal Conversion : Summary BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  37. Decimal to Base-r Conversion : • The conversion of a decimal integer into a number in base-r is done by dividing the number and all successive quotients by r and accumulating the remainders in reverse order of computation. • Decimal to Binary : • Decimal to Octal : • Decimal to Hexadecimal : BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  38. Decimal to Binary : • Convert (37)10 to binary (37)10 = 100101 BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  39. Decimal to Octal : BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  40. Decimal to hexadecimal : • The conversion of a decimal integer into hexadecimal is done by dividing the number and all successive quotients by 16 and accumulating the remainders in reverse order of computation. (422)10 = (1A6)16 BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  41. Mixed Conversions : • Binary to Octal: • Group the binary digits into three bit groups starting at the radix point and going both ways, padding with zeros as needed. • Convert each group of three bits to an equivalent octal digit. • Octal to Binary: • It is done by reversing the preceding procedure • Restate the octal as three binary digits • Start at the radix point and go both ways, padding with zeros as needed. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  42. Mixed Conversions : Examples • Convert (10110001101011.11110000011)2 to Octal = 010 110 001 101 011 . 111 100 000 110 = 2 6 1 5 3 . 7 4 0 6 = (26153.7406)8 • Convert (673.124)8 to binary = 110 111 011 . 001 010 100 = (110111011.001010100)2 • Convert (11010100011011) 2 to Octal BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  43. Mixed Conversions : • Binary to Hexadecimal: • Group the binary digits into four bit groups starting at the radix point and going both ways, padding with zeros as needed (at the ends) • Convert each group of four bits to an equivalent hexadecimal digit • Hexadecimal to Binary: • It is done by reversing the preceding procedure • Restate the hexadecimal as four binary digits • Start at the radix point and go both ways, padding with zeros as needed BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  44. Mixed Conversions : Examples • Convert(10110001101011.11110010)2to hexadecimal = 0010 1100 0110 1011 . 1111 0010 = 2 C 6 B . F 2 = (2C6B.F2)16 • Convert (306.D)16 to binary = 0011 0000 0110. 1101 = (001100000110.1101)2 • Convert (11010100011011) 2 to hexadecimal BSCS: Digital Logic Design

  45. Number Base Conversions : Summary Evaluate Magnitude Octal (Base 8) Evaluate Magnitude Decimal (Base 10) Binary (Base 2) Hexadecimal (Base 16) Evaluate Magnitude

  46. BSCS: Digital Logic Design

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