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URINARY SYSTEM

URINARY SYSTEM. FUNCTION. FOUR MAIN FUNCTIONS:. 1. Excretion – process of removing nitrogenous waste material, certain salts, and excess water from blood.

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URINARY SYSTEM

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  1. URINARY SYSTEM FUNCTION

  2. FOUR MAIN FUNCTIONS: • 1. Excretion – process of removing nitrogenous waste material, certain salts, and excess water from blood. • 2. Aid in maintaining acid-base balance by evaluating elements in the blood and selectively reabsorbing water and other substances to maintain the pH balance • 3. Secretion of waste products in the form of urine • 4. Elimination of urine from the bladder where it is stored

  3. NEPHRON • Functional unit of the kidney – for urine formation • Filtration • First step in urine formation • Blood from renal artery enters glomerulus • Blood pressure in glomerulus forces fluid (filtrate) to filter into Bowman’s capsule • Filtrate does not contain plasma proteins or RBCs – they’re too big • Reabsorption • Water (90%) and useful substances are reabsorbed • If blood levels of certain substances are high (glucose, amino acids, vitamins, sodium) then those substances will NOT be reabsorbed • Secretion • Opposite of reabsorption • Secretion transports substances from blood into collecting tubules • Electrolytes are selectively secreted to maintain body’s acid-base balance

  4. URINARY OUTPUT • Between 1000 and 2000 with an average of 1500 ml/day • Volume varies with diet, fluid intake, temperature, and physical activity • Urinalysis • Examination of urine to determine presence of blood cells, bacteria, acidity level, specific gravity and physical characteristics • See Table 20-2 pg. 433

  5. URETERS and URINARY BLADDER • Ureters • Carry urine from kidney to bladder • Peristalsis pushes urine down ureters • Urinary bladder • Stores urine – usually about 500 cc • Emptying urine (voiding) is involuntary but controlled through nervous system (voluntary)

  6. CONTROL OF URINARY SECRETION • Chemical control • Reabsorption of H2O in distal convoluted tubule controlled by ADH (antidiuretic hormone) • Secretion and regulation of ADH controlled by hypothalamus • Diuretics inhibit reabsorption of H2O • Nervous control • Direct control through nerve impulses on kidney blood vessels • Indirect control through stimulation of endocrine glands

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