1 / 24

Lesson C

Lesson C. Material Basics. Wood Basics. Characteristics Inexpensive, strong, easy to work with, long-lasting If properly protected and maintained Combustible Framing uses softwood Lumber may be classified as: Timber : 5 inches or thicker Dimension : 2 to 4 inches thick and of any width

bayle
Download Presentation

Lesson C

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Lesson C Material Basics

  2. Wood Basics • Characteristics • Inexpensive, strong, easy to work with, long-lasting • If properly protected and maintained • Combustible • Framing uses softwood • Lumber may be classified as: • Timber: 5 inches or thicker • Dimension: 2 to 4 inches thick and of any width • Boards: 1 to 1.5 inches thick and 2 inches or wider

  3. Figure D-2 Dimension Lumber.

  4. Wood Basics (cont’d.) • Visual grading system • Based on size and use • Moisture and shrinkage in unseasoned horizontal members • Can make floors uneven • “Green” structural members • Can warp, twist, and shrink • May cause connectors to fail

  5. Wood Basics (cont’d.) • Size of wood beam depends on: • Load it has to carry • Strength of the lumber • Most common size of wood posts for residential and commercial buildings: • 4 × 4 feet, 4 × 6 feet • Wood sheathing: • Plywood and oriented strand board (OSB) • Replaces boards for most applications

  6. Figure S-1 Sheathing. (Courtesy of Kathleen Siegel.)

  7. Courtesy of Craig Allyn Rose

  8. Courtesy of Craig Allyn Rose

  9. Steel Basics • Characteristics: • Versatile, uniform quality, and great strength in compression and tension • Standard grade in building construction • Carbon steel, ASTM grade A-36 • Loses strength at 1000° F • Popular in commercial and industrial buildings

  10. Steel Basics (cont’d.) • Decking • Supports concrete slabs and suspended ceilings • Exterior walls: • Metal panels, precast curtain walls, or masonry • Common hot-rolled steel shapes • Wide-flange beam (W); American Standard Beam (S) • Cold-formed structural shapes • Used for secondary members in pre-engineered metal buildings

  11. Figure S-17 Suspended Ceilings. Figure C-20 Curtain Wall.

  12. Figure P-13 Purlin. (Courtesy of Kathleen Siegel.) Figure S-13 Strut.

  13. Steel Basics (cont’d.) • Steel studs • Used in Type I Fire Resistive and Type II Non-combustible buildings • Size/gauge dependent on location/loading conditions • Steel columns • Wide flange, pipe, and structural tubing • Steel decking • Flat or ribbed 12- to 16-gauge sheets • Used for floors/roofs with poured-over concrete slabs

  14. Courtesy of Craig Allyn Rose

  15. Masonry Basics • Characteristics • Durable • Fire- and heat-resistant • Sound-insulating properties • Fast and easy to put up; little maintenance • Choices of texture, color, style, and pattern • Heavy material, high compression strength • Requires steel reinforcement in earthquake zones • Little tensile or flexural strength

  16. Masonry Basics (cont’d.) • Typical examples • Concrete block, brick, and stone with mortar and/or grout • Uses • Load-bearing and nonbearing walls for interior and exterior applications • Below and above grade for piers and columns, fire walls, and curtain walls • ASTM grades describes structural properties

  17. Figure F-7 Fire Wall. Figure R-3 Rebar.

  18. Masonry Basics (cont’d.) • Concrete masonry units (CMUs) • Typically 8 × 8 × 16 inches • Used for wall thicknesses of 8 to 16 inches • Steel connectors • Joins masonry walls with wood/steel roofs and floors • Unprotected wide-flange beams • Support floors and roofs • Susceptible to elongation when heated • May cause failure of the masonry wall

  19. Concrete Basics • Characteristics • Noncombustible, heavy, and brittle material with great compressive strength • Uses: floors, walls, roofs, columns, beams • Steel reinforcement necessary for floors, foundations,columns, and beams • Prestressing develops greater load-carrying capabilities with less weight • Pretensioning used for precast concrete

  20. Concrete Basics (cont’d.) • Posttensioning used for cast-in-place concrete • Thickness of exterior concrete walls: • Depends on design load and fire-resistance requirements • Precast tilt-up walls are usually cast off-site • Walls are cast on-site • Wall panels are lifted and then braced to the floor slab

  21. Figure C-2 Cast-in-Place Concrete.

  22. Concrete Basics (cont’d.) • Panels are joined together by: • Welding them to steel columns • Joining them to cast-in-place concrete pilasters • Concrete beams: • Typically rectangular • Used to carry floor and roof loads • Reinforced with steel to resist tension • Prestressing beams • Creates greater load-carrying capacity

  23. Courtesy of Craig Allyn Rose

  24. Summary • Wood • Inexpensive, strong, easy to work with, long-lasting, but combustible • Steel • Versatile, uniform quality, and great strength • Masonry • Durable, fire- and heat-resistant, sound-insulating • Concrete • Noncombustible, heavy, great compressive strength

More Related