Making Inclusion Really Work Practices that Strengthening Services and Supporting Quality

1. Making Inclusion Really Work Practices that Strengthening Services and Supporting Quality Beth Rous Sarah A. Mulligan

2. What is DEC? The Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children

3. What is DEC? • Membership Organization • Birth through 8 years • Young children with disabilities and other special needs • Promotes policies and advances evidence-based practices

4. Today we will focus on…. • What are Recommended Practices? • Why they are important? • How can the practices be used to support inclusion?

5. Setting the Context • Scientifically-based Practices • validated by research • Evidence-based Practices • best available research • professional wisdom & experience • consumer values • Recommended Practices • set of practices designed to inform decisions about services

6. History of Recommended Practices 2000 • Focus Groups • Analyses & Coding of Research Literature • Synthesis • Field Validation • Multiple Products and Dissemination Efforts 1991 • Focus groups • Field validated • Book of Recommended Practices

7. Investigators • Barbara Smith • Division for Early Childhood • University of Colorado – Denver • David Sexton and Marcia Lobman • LSU Health Sciences Center • Mary McLean • University Of Wisconsin – Milwaukee • Susan Sandall • University of Washington

8. Experience & Professional Wisdom Research- Based Practices Identifying Recommended Practices Field Validation

9. Overarching Goal Build on and extend the foundation of quality programs for all children to meet the specific needs of children with disabilities.

10. Identifying Experiences and Values • Focus Groups by Topical Area (e.g., assessment) • Focus Groups by Role (e.g., family, practitioner, administrator)

11. Identifying Research-Based Practices • Identify Published Research • 48 Journals Across Disciplines • 1,019 Articles For Coding • Coded to: • determine technical adequacy • identify practices

12. Identifying Research-Based Practices • 1,019 Articles Reviewed • 843 (82%) Had at Least One Recommended Practice • Articles by Methodology • Quantitative – 454 (54%) • Single Subject – 179 (21%) • Qualitative – 74 (9%) • Mixed Method – 13 (2%) • Descriptive/Survey – 123 (15%)

13. Synthesize And Syncretize Practices • Integrate Literature Based Practices and Stakeholder Focus Group • Which Practices Have Research Evidence to Support? • Which Practices are Supported Only by Experience or Values?

14. Field Validation of Practices • Verification Among Experts • Field Validation • 200 Family Members • 400 Practitioners • 200 Administration/Higher Education • Respond to: • This is a recommended practice (importance) • Extent to which see the practice (usage)

15. Resulting in: • 240 Recommended Practices • Across 5 Direct Service Strands and 2 Indirect Support Strands

16. Strand 1 - Assessment (Neisworth and Bagnato) • 46 Practices • Professional and family collaboration • Individualized and appropriate to child and family • Provides useful information • Information is shared in respectful and useful ways • Meets legal and procedural requirements

17. Strand 2: Child-Focused (Wolery) • 27 Practices • Adults design environments to promote children’s safety, active engagement, learning, participation, and membership. • Adults use ongoing data to individualize and adapt practices to meet each child’s changing nature. • Adults use systematic procedures within and across environments, activities, and routines to promote children’s learning and participation.

18. Strand 3: Family-Based (Trivette & Dunst) • 17 Practices • Families and professionals share responsibility and work collaboratively. • Practices strengthen family functioning. • Practices are individualized and flexible. • Practices are strengths- and assets-based.

19. Strand 4: Interdisciplinary Models (McWilliam) • 19 Practices • Teams including family members make decisions and work together. • Professionals cross disciplinary boundaries. • Intervention is focused on function, not services. • Regular caregivers and regular routines provide the most appropriate opportunities for children’s learning and receiving most other interventions.

20. Strand 5: Technology Applications (Stremel) • 22 Practices • Professionals utilize assistive technology in intervention programs with children. • Families and professionals collaborate in planning and implementing the use of assistive technology. • Families and professionals use technology to access information and support. • Training and technical support programs are available to support technology applications.

21. Strand 6: Policies, Procedures & Systems Change (Harbin and Salisbury) • 43 Practices • Families and professionals shape policy at the national, state, and local levels. • Public policies promote the use of Recommended Practices. • Program policies and administration promote: • family participation in decision making, • the use of Recommended Practices, • interagency and interdisciplinary collaboration. • Program policies, administration and leadership promote program evaluation and systems change efforts.

22. Strand 7: Personnel Preparation (Miller and Stayton) • 66 Practices • Families are involved in learning activities. • Learning activities: • are interdisciplinary and interagency. • are systematically designed and sequenced. • include the study of cultural and linguistic diversity. • Learning activities and evaluation procedures are designed to meet the needs of students and staff. • Field experiences are systematically designed and supervised. • Faculty and other personnel trainers are qualified and well-prepared for their role in personnel preparation. • Professional development activities are systematically designed and implemented.

23. Why are Recommended Practices Important? • Represents collective wisdom • Identifies what practices work • Provides a framework to define quality • Supports positive outcomes • Applies to all settings

24. Quality Practices = Quality Service = Better Outcomes

25. Recommended Practices Quality Practices for All Children Program

27. DEC’s Recommended Practices Each Chapter includes: • Guiding Principles • Organization of the Practices—the take home messages • Relationship to Other Chapters • Key Terms • The Practices with Examples

28. Child-Focused Practices: Take Home Messages • Adults design environments to promote children’s safety, active engagement, learning, participation, and membership. • Adults use ongoing data to individualize and adapt practices to meet each child’s changing needs. • Adults use systematic procedures within and across environments, activities, and routines to promote children’s learning and participation.

29. Child-Focused Practices: Take Home Messages • Adults design environments to promote children’s safety, active engagement, learning, participation, and membership. • Adults use ongoing data to individualize and adapt practices to meet each child’s changing needs. • Adultsuse systematic procedures within and across environments, activities, and routines to promote children’s learning and participation.

30. Child-Focused Practice Example Design Environment C4. Play routines are structured to promote interaction, communication, and learning by defining roles for dramatic play, prompting engagement, prompting group friendship activities, and using specialized prompts.

31. Adults join children in their play to keep children playing What does C4 look like?

32. Use the child’s preferences to increase engagement in a particular activity What else does C4 look like?

33. “…a teacher uses a child’s preference for trains by turning the dramatic play area into a train station. The child now interacts with peers to “purchase” train tickets, to take turns blowing the train whistle and turning on the train, and to help build a pretend train station…” What else does C4 look like?

34. Assessment Practices: Take Home Messages • Professionals and families collaborate in planning and implementing assessment • Assessment is individualized and appropriate for the child and family • Assessment provides meaningful information for intervention • Professionals share information in respectful and useful ways • Professionals meet legal and procedural requirements and Recommended Practices Guidelines

35. Assessment Practices: Take Home Messages • Professionals and families collaborate in planning and implementing assessment • Assessment is individualized and appropriate for the child and family • Assessment provides useful information for intervention • Professionals share information in respectful and useful ways • Professionals meet legal and procedural requirements and Recommended Practices guidelines

36. Assessment Practice Example Useful Information for Intervention A24. Professionals assess not only immediate mastery of a skill, but also whether the child can demonstrate the skill consistently across other settings and with other people.

37. The team assesses the child’s ability to walk in the classroom, on the playground, to and from the car …and on the grass What does A24 look like?

38. Family-Based Practice Example Families and Professionasl share responsibility & work collaboratively F1. Family members and professionals jointly develop appropriate family-identified outcomes.

39. Professionals and family members share information before the IFSP/IEP meeting so that everyone has time to reflect and clarify their ideas What does F1 look like?

40. Next Steps for DEC: • Program Assessment • Practice Workbook • Implementation Toolkits • Training & Technical Assistance • Interactive Website Resources • Further Development and Input

41. Next Steps: Practitioners • Know what the evidence says • Base your work on the evidence we have • Sometimes you have to build the evidence It’s called innovation!

42. Next Steps: Parents Research does matter! “Demand” that the services provided to your child and your family have the power of the entire field. Gently

43. Next Steps: Researchers • Build the evidence • Continue to ask the questions • Stir up controversy

44. Next Steps: Administrators • Know the practices — and practice them! • Focus the resources on practices that work • Monitor, measure, and account for quality

45. DEC: www.dec-sped.org The Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children www.dec-sped.org

46. The End!

47. Making Inclusion Really Work www.dec-sped.org Beth Rous brous@uky.edu Sarah A. Mulligan sarah.mulligan@dec-sped.org