1 / 34

Plankton

Plankton. http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm. http://www.coralreeffish.com/larvae.htm. Ocean Zones. Horizontal divisions: Coastal (neritic) = on/over shelf (shallow) Oceanic = beyond continental shelf (deep). Vertical divisions: Pelagic = open water Benthic =

beau
Download Presentation

Plankton

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Plankton http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm http://www.coralreeffish.com/larvae.htm

  2. Ocean Zones • Horizontal divisions: • Coastal (neritic) = on/over shelf (shallow) • Oceanic = beyond continental shelf (deep) • Vertical divisions: • Pelagic = open water • Benthic = ocean bottom

  3. Ocean Zones

  4. Plankton or Nekton? How fast can you swim? • Gulf Stream peak velocity • = 5 knots = 2.5 m/sec • Surface currents more typically • <0.5 knot = 0.25 m/sec (=0.56 mph) http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/img_mgsva/gulf-stream-YYY.gif

  5. Plankton or Nekton? Swim faster than 25 cm/sec? Yes→ Nekton: • Dolphin = 170 cm/sec (up to 40 mph!) • Tuna = 75 cm/sec (higher burst speeds) No→ Plankton: • Shrimp = 5 cm/sec • Bacteria = 0.005 cm/sec

  6. Slow, but not necessarily small Portuguese man-of-war float = 12 inches wide tentacles = over 150 ft. long (ouch!) http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm

  7. Net Plankton

  8. Phytoplankton • Cyanobacteria • Unicellular microalgae • Diatoms • Dinoflagellates • Coccolithophorids c2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings http://www.daviddarling.info/images/diatoms.jpg http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/protozoa/ceratiumdic2.jpg

  9. Zooplankton • Protozoans (unicellular): • Foraminiferans • Radiolarians • Ciliates http://www.anu.edu.au/EMU/Images/radiol.jpg http://server1.fandm.edu/Departments/Biology/People/Shimeta/research/tin2.JPG

  10. Zooplankton • Gelatinous: • Jellyfish (medusa) • Siphonophores NOAA http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/plankton.html

  11. Zooplankton • Gelatinous: • Comb jellies (ctenophores)

  12. Zooplankton • Gelatinous: • Salps • Larvaceans (invertebrate chordates) NOAA

  13. Zooplankton • Molluscs: • Pteropods (gastropods), with and without shell

  14. Zooplankton • Crustaceans: • Copepods • Amphipods • Ostracods • Isopods • Krill, shrimp http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingocean/livingocean.html

  15. Zooplankton • “Arrow worms” (Phylum Chaetognatha) http://pharyngula.org/images/chaetognathhead.jpg http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan00/CHAET2b.JPG

  16. Zooplankton • Mollusc larvae: • Trochophore • Veliger http://oceanlink.island.net/abaloneproject/growthanddevelopment/growth%20and%20development.htm http://people.bu.edu/veliger/

  17. Zooplankton • Crustacean larvae: • Crab zoea • Shrimp, barnacle nauplius • Lobster phyllosoma NOAA http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm http://www.science-in-salamanca.tas.csiro.au/themes/larval/phyllosoma-early.htm

  18. NOAA Zooplankton • Other larvae: • Starfish (bipinnaria) • Brittle stars, urchins (pluteus) http://raven.zoology.washington.edu/embryos/

  19. Zooplankton • More larvae: • Polychaete worms (trochophore) http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgmar99/poly3.jpg

  20. Zooplankton • Fish larvae http://www.coralreeffish.com/larvae.htm

  21. Zooplankton • Not all zooplankton are larvae • Those that are larvae, grow up to be nekton or benthic = meroplankton

  22. Zooplankton • Not all zooplankton are larvae • Those that live whole lives as plankton = holoplankton http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingocean/livingocean.html

  23. That Sinking Feeling • It’s a long way down – average ocean depth around 4000 m • Phytoplankton – need to stay in the light surface layer (0-200 m) • Zooplankton – eat the phytoplankton and/or other zooplankton, so need to be where the food is http://www.nerc.ac.uk/images/photos/lp-ocean-sunlight.jpg

  24. That Sinking Feeling • Why am I sinking? Denser than water • Densities (in g/cm3): • Seawater = 1.025 • Air = 0.00125 • Lipids = 0.9 • Proteins = 1.3 • Carbohydrates = 1.5 • Cellulose = 1.5 • Silica shell = 2.6 • Calcareous shell = 2.8

  25. That Sinking Feeling • How not to sink: • Float – • Lipids (less dense than water) • Gas vacuoles, sacs, bubbles http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/images/images.html

  26. NOAA That Sinking Feeling • How not to sink: • Stay neutral • High water content (gelatinous) • Reduced or no shell

  27. That Sinking Feeling • How not to sink: • Drag (high surface area) – • Small size • Flat shape • Spines, long structures -------- Isopod

  28. That Sinking Feeling • How not to sink: • Upwelling (also good for nutrients) Southern Hemisphere – Ekman transport to the left

  29. That Sinking Feeling • How not to sink: • Actively swim – cilia, flagella, muscles, appendages http://www.coralreeffish.com/larvae.htm

  30. Nowhere to Hide • Active predators can’t eat what they can’t see – so be invisible

  31. Nowhere to Hide • Active predators can’t eat what they can’t see – so hide where it is dark

  32. NOAA Somewhere to Hide • Floating mats of macroalgae and seagrasses form pelagic communities - camouflage Sargassum http://www.bigelow.org/bacteria/teach/images/open_orgs/sargassum.jpg http://www.naturalsciences.org/education/deepsea/images/sargassum_fish.jpg

  33. Food Webs

  34. Food Webs

More Related