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Introduction to Dermatology

Introduction to Dermatology. By Stacey Singer-Leshinsky R-PAC. What is? . Dermatology? Dermatologist? . Functions of the Skin. Sensation- Immune function- Thermoregulation- Cutaneous absorption. Functions of the Skin. Excretion Vitamin D synthesis-

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Introduction to Dermatology

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  1. Introduction to Dermatology By Stacey Singer-Leshinsky R-PAC

  2. What is? • Dermatology? • Dermatologist?

  3. Functions of the Skin • Sensation- • Immune function- • Thermoregulation- • Cutaneous absorption

  4. Functions of the Skin • Excretion • Vitamin D synthesis- • UV light for 10-15 minutes.

  5. Skin AnatomyLayers • Epidermis- outermost, no blood vessels or blood supply. • Dermis- vascular layer/sensation. Strength and elasticity to skin. • Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer.

  6. Skin AnatomyEpidermis-5 Layers • Stratum corneum- • Stratum lucidum- • palms and soles of feet only.

  7. Skin AnatomyEpidermis-5 Layers • Stratum granulosum- • Most differentiated layer.

  8. Skin AnatomyEpidermis-5 Layers • Stratum spinosum- • Has desmosomes (spiny projections and so spinosum).

  9. Skin AnatomyEpidermis-5 Layers californians like girls in string bikinis) • Stratum basale- • deepest layer of the epidermis. • Consists of a single layer of keratinocytes.

  10. Skin AnatomyEpidermis-Cell Types • Melanocytes- • Produce melanin. Not many melanocytes in soles or palms. • Albinos lack tyrosinase • Cancer of a melanocyte known as melanoma

  11. Skin AnatomyEpidermis-Cell Types • Keratinocytes • Produce keratin • Immunology role- • Protection and water proofing • Merkel’s cells-Free nerve endings attached to epidermal cells.

  12. Skin AnatomyEpidermis-Cell Types • Langerhans cells • Found in epidermal layers with keratinocytes • Involved in cell-mediated hypersensitivity, antigen processing and recognition, stimulation of immune competent cells and graft rejection.

  13. Skin AnatomyEpidermis-Cell Types • Parakeratosis-Retention of nuclei in stratum corneum. • Spongiosis-Intercellular edema of the epidermis.

  14. Skin AnatomyBasement membrane(Basal lamina) • Selectively filters molecules moving between two layers. • Immunoglobulin and complement deposition in skin disease.

  15. Skin AnatomyDermis • Thickest skin layer/connective tissue layer. • Composed of collagen, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands

  16. Skin AnatomySubcutaneous Tissue • Eccrine glands and deep hair follicles extend to this layer • Insulator/shock absorber/stores energy as calories

  17. Skin AnatomyAppendages-Hair • Hair follicle associated with sebaceous gland to form pilosebaceous unit. • Growth is cyclic • Anagen phase- • Catagen- • Telogen phase-

  18. Skin AnatomyAppendages-Hair • Hair loss due to:

  19. Skin AnatomyAppendages-Nails • Hardened keratinized plates

  20. Skin AnatomyAppendages-Glands • Sebaceous- Entire skin surface except palms, soles, sides of feet. Secrete sebum

  21. Skin AnatomyAppendages-Glands • Sweat glands- • Eccrine-Originate in dermis and open on skin surface. • Apocrine- Large, deep in dermal layer. Open through a hair follicle. Mostly in axillae and groin.

  22. Common Skin LesionsEqual to plane of the Skin

  23. Common Skin LesionsEqual to plane of the Skin Telangiectasia-

  24. Common Skin LesionsEqual to plane of the Skin Petechiae-

  25. Common Skin LesionsEqual to plane of the Skin Purpura or ecchymosis:

  26. Common Skin LesionsEqual to plane of the Skin Sclerosis:

  27. Common Skin LesionsEqual to plane of the Skin Lichenification:

  28. Common Skin LesionsEqual to plane of the Skin Acanthosis

  29. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin Actinic Keratosis Hyperkeratosis

  30. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin. Corn Callus

  31. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin papule Nodule

  32. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin • Wheal Plaque

  33. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin Vesicle- Blister- Bulla-

  34. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin Pustule- Cyst-

  35. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin Tumor:

  36. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin Verruca:

  37. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin Scale/crust Desquamation

  38. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin Exudate

  39. Common Skin LesionsAbove the plane of the Skin Comedone

  40. Common Skin LesionsBelow the plane of the Skin Excoriation

  41. Common Skin LesionsBelow the plane of the Skin Ulcer

  42. Common Skin LesionsBelow the plane of the Skin Fissure

  43. Common Skin LesionsBelow the plane of the Skin Excoriation

  44. Common Skin LesionsBelow the plane of the Skin Eschar

  45. Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes Blanched Vitiligo

  46. Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes Albinism

  47. Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes Melasma

  48. Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes • Lentigo- • Due to melanocyte proliferation. • Can be due to hypermelanosis, Addison’s disease, Hemochromatosis, Acanthosis nigricans • Hydroquinone may temporarily bleach the spots Inhibit synthesis of pigment

  49. Common Skin LesionsBased on Color- Erythema Erythema

  50. Common Skin LesionsBased on Color- Blue Cyanosis

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